The Synergy of Support and Self-Efficacy: How Ambidextrous Leadership Drives Innovation among Knowledge Workers in China

This study employed a random sampling method to distribute 400 online questionnaires to knowledge workers across over 100 cities in China via CREDAMO between January and June 2024, achieving a remarkable response rate of 96% with 385 questionnaires returned. After screening to exclude 28 questionnaires with response times below the average, 372 valid data points remained, representing 93% of the original sample. Among the participants, 26.6% identified as male and 73.4% as female; the age distribution was 23.9% aged 21-30, 66.7% aged 31-40, 5.9% aged 41-50, and 3.5% aged 51-60. Most respondents (92.7%) held a master's degree, while 7.3% held a doctoral degree. By employment sector, 6% worked in state-owned enterprises, 8.9% in institutions, 5.9% in civil service, 56.5% in private enterprises, and 9.1% in foreign-funded companies. In terms of job positions, 24.5% were ordinary employees, 17.7% in grassroots management, 34.9% in middle management, and 22.8% in top management