Divergent pattern between phenotypic and genetic variation in Scots pine - Phenotype estimates of the genotyped individuals

In this study, we sampled 54 Scots pine populations from the Norwegian coast over the Arctic Circle to western Russia covering 47.3 longitudes or more than 1/8th of the earth’s circumference, which represents the most comprehensive coverage of Northern Europe to date. We inferred variation in autumn phenology and dormancy progression from freeze hardiness tests conducted on >5000 seedlings, of which >900 seedlings from 24 populations were genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Our main goal was to evaluate adaptive responses in Scots pine at phenotype and genotype levels. Evaluation of cold hardiness along environmental and geographical gradients would contribute to an understanding of the performance of these gradients for predicting freeze damage levels. The genotype data allow evaluation of genetic variance across landscapes and thus shed light on the degree of genetic-environmental association and the recolonization history of Scots pine in Scandinavia. The phenotypes of all genotyped individuals. Includes each individuals population number and seedlot本研究中，我们从北极圈以北的挪威海岸至俄罗斯西部共采集了54个欧洲赤松（Scots pine）种群，采样区域跨度达47.3个经度，覆盖范围超过地球周长的八分之一，是目前针对北欧地区开展的覆盖范围最全面的采样工作。我们通过对5000余株实生苗开展抗冻性试验，推导得到秋季物候与休眠进程的变异特征；其中来自24个种群的900余株实生苗采用测序分型（genotyping-by-sequencing, GBS）技术完成了基因分型。 本研究的核心目标是从表型与基因型层面评估欧洲赤松的适应性响应。通过分析沿环境与地理梯度分布的抗冻性特征，有助于理解此类梯度的作用模式，进而实现冻害水平的预测。基因型数据可用于评估不同景观尺度下的遗传变异，从而揭示遗传-环境关联程度以及欧洲赤松在斯堪的纳维亚半岛的再定殖历史。 所有经基因分型个体的表型信息涵盖各样本的种群编号与种子批编号。