100-m resolution Age-Stratified Population Estimation from the 2020 China Census by Township (ASPECT)
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<b>Introduction</b>: Gridded population datasets are instrumental for modeling the interactions between human and the environment at fine spatial scales. Here, we introduce an Age-Stratified Population Estimation from the 2020 China Census by Township (ASPECT), estimating total population and population by age groups (0-14, 15-59, 60-64, ≥65 years old) at 100m spatial resolution as of year 2020. We used a dasymetric mapping approach to downscale township-level population data (n=40,718 townships) from the 2020 China Census to 100 by 100 m grid cells. The study area is <b>mainland China</b>.<b>Data records</b>: ASPECT includes GEOTIFF files on <b>population dens</b><b>ity</b><b> (persons per hectare) </b>at 100 m spatial resolution. No data areas indicate townships missing the 2020 Census data (n=590) and areas fall outside our study area, mainland China. The files are:population_total_pop: gridded estimates on total populationpopulation_age0_14: gridded estimates on population between 0 and 14 years oldpopulation_age15_59: gridded estimates on population between 15 and 59 years oldpopulation_age60_64: gridded estimates on population between 60 and 64 years oldpopulation_age65above: gridded estimates on population ≥65 years oldpopulation_total_pop_sum: gridded estimates on total population, summed with age-group specific estimates (file 2-5). This file is used to calculate the proportion of each age group.ASPECT also includes GEOTIFF files on <b>the proportion (%) of population by age groups</b> at 100 m spatial resolution. No data areas indicate townships missing the 2020 Census data, places fell outside our study area, and places with zero population. Proportion of a population age group is calculated by dividing its population counts by the sum of population from all age groups (i.e., grid cell values from the “population_total_pop_sum.zip” file). The files are:proportion_age0_14: the proportion of population between 0 and 14 years oldproportion_age15_59: the proportion of population between 15 and 59 years oldproportion_age60_64: the proportion of population between 60 and 64 years oldproportion_age65above: the proportion of population ≥65 years oldAll GEOTIFF files are projected with WGS 1984 geographic coordinate system (EPSG: 4326). The files are compressed in zip format. Once uncompressed, the GEOTIFF files can processed by GIS software such as ArcGIS, and by programing language packages such as Rasterio in Python.<b>Reference</b>: 100-m resolution Age-Stratified Population Estimation from the 2020 China Census by Township (ASPECT), published by Scientific Data [link]<b>Citation</b>: Ju, Y., Liang, Y., Kong, J., Wang, X., Wen, S., Shang, H., & Wang, X. (2025). 100-m resolution Age-Stratified Population Estimation from the 2020 China Census by Township (ASPECT). <i>Scientific Data</i>, <i>12</i>(1), 1058. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05401-1
<b>引言</b>: 网格化人口数据集对于精细空间尺度下的人类与环境交互建模具有重要支撑作用。本研究介绍了基于2020年中国乡镇人口普查的分年龄组人口估算数据集（Age-Stratified Population Estimation from the 2020 China Census by Township，简称ASPECT），该数据集以2020年为基准年，以100米空间分辨率估算了总人口及分年龄组（0-14岁、15-59岁、60-64岁、≥65岁）的人口数量。研究采用密度制图（dasymetric mapping）方法，将2020年中国乡镇级人口数据（共40718个乡镇）降尺度至100×100米的网格单元。本研究的覆盖范围为中国内地。 <b>数据详情</b>: ASPECT包含空间分辨率为100米的**人口密度（人/公顷）**GEOTIFF文件。无数据区域代表缺失2020年人口普查数据的乡镇（共590个）以及研究覆盖范围以外的区域。文件说明如下： - population_total_pop：总人口网格化估算结果 - population_age0_14：0-14岁人口网格化估算结果 - population_age15_59：15-59岁人口网格化估算结果 - population_age60_64：60-64岁人口网格化估算结果 - population_age65above：65岁及以上人口网格化估算结果 - population_total_pop_sum：基于各年龄组估算结果（即上述2至5号文件）求和得到的总人口网格化估算结果，该文件用于计算各年龄组的人口占比。 ASPECT还包含空间分辨率为100米的**分年龄组人口占比（%）**GEOTIFF文件。无数据区域代表缺失2020年人口普查数据的乡镇、研究覆盖范围以外的区域以及人口为零的区域。分年龄组人口占比通过将该年龄组的人口数除以所有年龄组的人口总数（即"population_total_pop_sum.zip"文件中的网格单元值）计算得到。文件说明如下： - proportion_age0_14：0-14岁人口占比 - proportion_age15_59：15-59岁人口占比 - proportion_age60_64：60-64岁人口占比 - proportion_age65above：65岁及以上人口占比 所有GEOTIFF文件均采用WGS 1984地理坐标系（EPSG: 4326）进行投影。所有文件均以ZIP格式压缩，解压后可通过ArcGIS等地理信息系统（GIS）软件，以及Python的Rasterio等程序包进行处理。 <b>参考文献</b>: 100米分辨率2020年中国乡镇人口普查分年龄组人口估算数据集（ASPECT），发表于《Scientific Data》[链接] <b>引用格式</b>: Ju, Y., Liang, Y., Kong, J., Wang, X., Wen, S., Shang, H., & Wang, X. (2025). 100米分辨率2020年中国乡镇人口普查分年龄组人口估算数据集（ASPECT）. 《Scientific Data》, 12(1), 1058. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05401-1
