Data from: Resistance and resilience to changing climate and fire regime depend on plant functional traits

Changing disturbance-climate interactions will drive shifts in plant communities: these effects are not adequately quantified by environmental niche models used to predict future species distributions. We quantified the effects of more frequent fire and lower rainfall - as projected to occur under a warming and drying climate - on population responses of shrub species in biodiverse Mediterranean-climate type shrublands near Eneabba, southwestern Australia. Using experimental fires, we measured the density of all shrub species for four dominant plant functional groups (resprouter/non-sprouter x serotinous/soil seed bank) before and after fire in 33 shrubland sites, covering four post-fire rainfall years and fire intervals from 3 – 24 years. Generalized linear mixed effects models were used to test our a priori hypotheses of rainfall, fire interval, and plant functional type effects on post-fire survival and recruitment. At shortened fire intervals, species solely dependent on seedling recruitment for persistence were more vulnerable to local extinction than were species with both seedling recruitment and vegetative regrowth. Nevertheless, seedling recruitment was essential for population maintenance of resprouting species. Serotinous species were less resilient than soil seed storage species regardless of regeneration mode. Critically, in relation to changing climate, a 20% reduction in post-fire winter rainfall (essential for seedling recruitment) is predicted to increase the minimum inter-fire interval required for self-replacement by 50%, placing many species at risk of decline. Synthesis. Our results highlight the potentially deleterious biodiversity impacts of climate and fire regime change, and underscore weaknesses inherent in studies considering single impact factors in isolation. In fire-prone ecosystems characterized by a projected warming and drying climate, and increasing fire hazard, adaptive approaches to fire management may need to include heightened wildfire suppression and lengthened intervals for prescribed fire to best support the in situ persistence of perennial plant species and of plant biodiversity. This conclusion is at odds with the view that more managed fire may be needed to mitigate wildfire risk as climate warms.,Enright.etal_PrimaryDataset_PlantResponsesThis file contains plot-by-species response as measured by abundance pre-post fire.PFT_datasetJEcol_1.csvPFT_PlotScaleData_JEcolPlot Locations and details of vegetation, soils, and fire histories.PFT_datasetJEcol_2_ResproutersSeedAdultThis file contains data of resprouting species abundance pre and post fire with post fire data coded by adult or seedling.,

不断变化的干扰-气候交互作用将推动植物群落发生演替，而当前用于预测未来物种分布的环境生态位模型（environmental niche model），无法充分量化这类交互作用所产生的影响。本研究针对澳大利亚西南部伊纳巴（Eneabba）附近物种丰富的地中海型灌丛群落，量化了暖干气候背景下预估的火灾频发与降雨减少对灌木物种种群动态的影响。
通过控制性火烧实验，本研究在33个灌丛样地中开展了火灾前后的全灌木物种密度调查，涵盖4个占优势的植物功能群（plant functional group）：萌蘖型/非萌蘖型 × 火后种子释放种（serotinous species）/土壤种子库型，并覆盖了4个火灾后降雨年以及3~24年不等的火灾间隔期。
本研究采用广义线性混合效应模型（generalized linear mixed effects model），验证了预先设定的先验假说：降雨、火灾间隔期以及植物功能型对火灾后物种存活与更新的影响。
当火灾间隔期缩短时，仅依赖实生苗更新维持种群的物种，相较于同时具备实生苗更新与营养繁殖能力的物种，更易发生局域灭绝。尽管如此，实生苗更新对于萌蘖物种的种群维持仍是不可或缺的。无论更新策略如何，火后种子释放种（serotinous species）的恢复力均低于土壤种子库物种。
至关重要的是，就气候变化而言，火灾后冬季降雨量（对实生苗更新至关重要）减少20%，将使物种实现种群自我维持所需的最短火灾间隔期增加50%，进而使众多物种面临种群衰退的风险。
研究综合分析表明：本研究结果揭示了气候与火灾制度（fire regime）变化对生物多样性可能造成的破坏性影响，同时也凸显了仅单独考虑单一影响因子的研究存在固有缺陷。在预估将呈现暖干化趋势、火灾风险持续升高的火敏感生态系统中，适应性火管理策略或许需要强化野火防控，并延长计划性火烧的间隔期，以最优方式保障多年生植物物种与植物生物多样性的原位存续。本结论与“气候变暖背景下需增加计划性火烧以降低野火风险”的观点相悖。

### 数据集文件说明
1. Enright等（Enright et al.）的原始数据集——植物响应：本文件包含基于样地-物种的火灾前后丰度实测响应数据。
2. PFT_datasetJEcol_1.csv（PFT_PlotScaleData_JEcol）：包含样地位置、植被、土壤及火灾历史的详细信息。
3. PFT_datasetJEcol_2_ResproutersSeedAdult：本文件包含萌蘖物种火灾前后的丰度数据，其中火灾后的数据按成年个体与实生苗进行分类标注。