Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station

The Cape Grim program, established by the Australian Government to monitor and study global atmospheric composition, is a joint responsibility of the Bureau of Meteorology and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). The Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station began taking samples of the atmosphere over twenty years ago. Since the first sampling began in April 1976, there have been more that 3 billion measurements taken. Among these are measurements of green house gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide as well as chemicals which deplete the ozone layer. Since the station first began in 1976, a 10% increase in carbon dioxide (one of the main greenhouse gases) has been measured. In addition long term records of aerosol particulates, radon and solar radiation have been obtained. As well as monitoring a wide range of atmospheric trace gases, Cape Grim measures concentrations of natural and anthropogenic particles, and meteorological parameters including wind speed and direction, rainfall, temperature, humidity and air pressure. Sophisticated measurements of solar radiation, including harmful UV-B radiation, are also carried out.

凯普格里姆计划（Cape Grim program）由澳大利亚政府设立，旨在监测并研究全球大气成分，该计划由澳大利亚气象局（Bureau of Meteorology）与联邦科学与工业研究组织（Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation，简称CSIRO）共同负责。凯普格里姆基线空气污染监测站已于二十余年前启动大气采样工作；自1976年4月首次采样以来，该站已累计完成超30亿次大气测量。这些测量涵盖二氧化碳、甲烷、一氧化二氮等温室气体（greenhouse gases），以及破坏臭氧层（ozone layer）的各类化学物质。自1976年建站以来，监测数据显示作为主要温室气体之一的二氧化碳浓度已上升10%。此外，该站还获取了气溶胶颗粒物（aerosol particulates）、氡（radon）以及太阳辐射（solar radiation）的长期观测记录。除对多种大气痕量气体（atmospheric trace gases）开展监测外，凯普格里姆监测站还会测量自然源与人为源颗粒物的浓度，以及风速、风向、降雨量、气温、湿度与气压等气象参数（meteorological parameters）。同时，该站还会开展包括有害UV-B辐射在内的高精度太阳辐射测量工作。