Regional Pedological Reference of the Department of Deux-Sèvres: map of soils

The data collected relate to soils, the products of alteration, reshuffle and organisation of the upper layers of the earth’s crust under the action of life, atmosphere and energy exchange manifested there (Aubert and Boulaine, 1980). The need for soil information is increasing. Since soil properties are highly spatially variable, it is important to have inventory data on a scale adapted to manage them best. The potential for using soil data is very broad in terms of themes. Data are most frequently used for agronomic, environmental, risk assessments and spatial planning issues. In response to these requests for information, cartographic inventories, initiated in the 1960s, continued at different scales and structured into a single national programme: the Soil Management and Conservation Inventory Program (IGCS). This program is now led by the Sol Scientific Interest Group (GIS Sol), whose main mission is to set up and manage a national soil information system in France. The main strategy is to capitalise on old soil data and acquire new data at various scales. The information thus collected makes it possible to create a cartographic representation of the spatial distribution of soils, in the form of Soil Cartographic Units, combined with a database in a single national format “DoneSol”. The IGCS program has 3 components defined according to the representation scale. One of these components is the Regional Pedological Reference (RRP), which aims to produce information on soil knowledge returned on a scale of 1/250000. RRPs are broken down by department, some are regional. The cartographic representation is made in child-landscapes, which are defined by the combination of the following factors: nature and organisation of soil cover (soil system), nature (lithology) and geological structure, dominant relief form or associated types of terrain (morphology), natural vegetation and/or existing cropping systems. The Infosol Unit (INRAE Val-de-Loire) is responsible for the national coordination of the programme and is based on a network of partners. In partnership with the former Poitou-Charentes region, the State, Inrae and IAAT, the Regional Chamber of Agriculture of New Aquitaine (CRA NA) has formed the Regional Pedological References of the departments of Charente (16), Charente-Maritime (17), Deux-Sèvres (79) and Vienna (86). CRA NA is the manager of these RRP data.本数据集收录的数据与土壤相关。土壤是地壳表层在生命活动、大气作用以及当地发生的能量交换驱动下，经风化、搬运与构造改造后形成的产物（Aubert与Boulaine，1980）。当前土壤信息的需求持续增长。由于土壤属性具备极强的空间变异性，获取适配最优管理需求的比例尺下的土壤调查数据至关重要。土壤数据的应用主题范畴极为广泛，最常用于农业、环境、风险评估及空间规划等领域。为响应此类信息诉求，始于20世纪60年代的土壤制图调查项目以多尺度持续推进，并整合为一项国家级计划——土壤管理与保护调查计划（Soil Management and Conservation Inventory Program，简称IGCS）。该计划目前由土壤科学兴趣小组（Sol Scientific Interest Group，简称GIS Sol）牵头，其核心使命是在法国构建并运维国家级土壤信息系统。其核心策略为盘活既有土壤数据，并以多尺度采集新增观测数据。通过上述流程收集的信息，可依托土壤制图单元（Soil Cartographic Units）以制图形式呈现土壤空间分布特征，并结合采用统一国家级格式"DoneSol"的数据库形成完整体系。IGCS计划包含3个按表征比例尺划分的组成部分。其中一类为区域土壤学参考数据集（Regional Pedological Reference，简称RRP），旨在生成比例尺为1/250000的土壤学相关成果。RRP按行政省划分，部分数据集具备区域属性。该制图表征以子景观（child-landscapes）为基本单元，子景观由以下要素组合定义：土壤覆盖的性质与排布（即土壤系统）、岩性（lithology）与地质构造、主导地貌形态或关联地形类型（地貌学）、天然植被以及/或现有种植系统。信息土壤单元（Infosol Unit，INRAE Val-de-Loire）负责本计划的国家级协调工作，其运行依托合作伙伴网络体系。在与原普瓦图-夏朗德大区、法国政府、法国农业科学研究院（INRAE）及IAAT的合作框架下，新阿基坦大区农业商会（Regional Chamber of Agriculture of New Aquitaine，简称CRA NA）已完成夏朗德省（16）、滨海夏朗德省（17）、德塞夫勒省（79）及维埃纳省（86）的区域土壤学参考数据集（RRP）建设。CRA NA为上述RRP数据集的管理方。