Across borders: external factors and prior behavior influence North Pacific albatross associations with fishing vessels

1. Understanding encounters between marine predators and fisheries across national borders and outside national jurisdictions offers new perspectives on unwanted interactions to inform ocean management and predator conservation. Although seabird-fisheries overlap has been documented at many scales, remote identification of vessel encounters has lagged because vessel movement data often is lacking. 2. Here, we reveal albatross-fisheries associations throughout the North Pacific Ocean. We identified commercial fishing operations using Global Fishing Watch data and algorithms to detect fishing vessels. We compiled GPS tracks of adult black-footed (Phoebastria nigripes) and Laysan (P. immutabilis) albatrosses, and juvenile short-tailed albatrosses (P. albatrus). We quantified albatross-vessel encounters based on the assumed distance that birds perceive a vessel (≤30km), and associations when birds approached vessels (≤3km). For each event we quantified bird behavior, environmental condit...1. 探究跨界及国家管辖范围以外海域中海洋捕食者与渔业活动的交互情况，可为厘清二者间的非期望交互提供全新视角，从而为海洋管理与捕食者保护工作提供决策依据。尽管已有多项研究在多个尺度上记录了海鸟与渔业活动的空间重叠现象，但由于船舶移动数据的普遍缺失，针对船舶与海鸟交互的远程识别工作进展缓慢。 2. 本研究揭示了北太平洋全域范围内信天翁与渔业活动的关联情况。我们依托全球渔业观察（Global Fishing Watch）数据集与渔船检测算法，识别了商业捕捞作业活动。我们收集了成体黑脚信天翁（Phoebastria nigripes）、莱桑信天翁（P. immutabilis）以及短尾信天翁幼鸟（P. albatrus）的GPS追踪轨迹。我们基于信天翁感知船舶的假设阈值距离（≤30km）量化二者的交互事件，并以鸟类靠近船舶的距离（≤3km）判定二者的关联情况。针对每一次交互事件，我们还量化了鸟类行为与环境条件...