Replication Data for: Mitochondrial Protein-Coding Genes Analysis of the Salmo Genus for Biodiversity Preservation

This Dataset investigates the genetic diversity and evolutionary patterns of mitochondrial protein-coding and ribosomal genes within the Salmo Genus of the Salmonidae family. This dataset contains mitochondrial protein-coding gene sequences from 20 individuals of the Salmo genus within the Salmonidae family, representing species such as Salmo salar, Salmo trutta trutta, Salmo trutta, Salmo trutta fario, Salmo trutta caspius, Salmo obtusirostris, Salmo ischchan gegarkuni, and Salmo ischchan. In addition to the mitochondrial protein-coding genes, 12S, 16S, and D-loop gene sequences were incorporated into each genome. The analysis revealed a high degree of conservation across most genes, with conserved site percentages ranging from 90.78% in atp6 to 98.21% in atp8. The number of variable sites per gene varied considerably, with nad3 and nad2 showing the highest levels of nucleotide diversity (12.89% and 10.85%, respectively). Mean Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) genetic distances further supported the variability, peaking at 0.04649 in nad3, indicating a relatively higher mutation rate, while genes like atp8 and 12S exhibited lower mean K2P values (0.00 564 and 0.01035, respectively), reflecting greater sequence conservation. However, the highest Singleton and parsimony-informative sites were found in the nad5 gene, highlighting gene-specific differences in evolutionary signal strength. The data emphasize that although the mitochondrial genome of Salmo species is largely conserved, certain genes like atp6 contribute significantly to phylogenetic differentiation within this genus. These findings have implications for mitochondrial DNA-based phylogenetics, population structure studies, and evolutionary inference in Salmo and related taxa.