Perillo et al 2020 - Bee, wasp and ant from Cordilheira do Espinhaco, a Brazilian mountain (2013 - 2016)

We rely on a unique dataset of Aculeata sampled in 12 mountains, covering 1200 km from south to north (nine degrees of latitude) and an elevational range from 1000 m up to 2000 m. In each locality (n=12 mountains) we selected two sample sites at different elevations, always in campo rupestre ecosystem, to test the elevation effect: one at the mountain base (Lower site: 1100 m) and another one near the mountain summit (Upper site: ranging from 1300 to 2000 m). We installed five trap sets 200 m apart from each other at each elevation mountain site, totalling 120 trap sets. Each set was composed by one malaise trap (to capture flying Acuelata; exposed in the field for 14 hours), four Moericke traps (yellow pan traps to capture pollinators; 48 hours each), and four pitfall traps (to capture ground Aculeata; 48 hours each) totalling 17,280 malaise trap hours, 23,040 Moericke, and 23,040 pitfall trap hours within the 120 trap sets. Each locality was sampled once, during the rainy season (November to February between 2013 and 2016).

我们依托一套独特的针尾亚目（Aculeata）采样数据集，该数据集覆盖12座山地，南北跨度达1200千米（纬度跨度9°），海拔梯度介于1000米至2000米之间。针对每一个采样区域（共12座山地），我们均选取两处不同海拔的采样点，且所有采样点均位于鲁斯特雷草原（campo rupestre）生态系统中，以验证海拔效应：一处位于山地山麓（低海拔样点：1100米），另一处靠近山地山顶（高海拔样点：海拔区间1300米至2000米）。我们在每一处海拔梯度样点中设置5组诱捕装置，各组间距为200米，总计布设120组诱捕装置。每组诱捕装置由1个马氏网（malaise trap，用于采集飞行性针尾亚目个体，野外放置时长14小时）、4个莫氏诱捕器（Moericke traps，即黄色盘状诱捕器，用于采集传粉昆虫，单器放置时长48小时）以及4个地面陷阱诱捕器（pitfall traps，用于采集地表针尾亚目个体，单器放置时长48小时）组成。在全部120组诱捕装置中，马氏网总采样时长为17280小时，莫氏诱捕器与地面陷阱诱捕器的总采样时长均为23040小时。所有采样区域均仅在雨季进行一次采样，采样时段为2013年至2016年间的11月至次年2月。