2012 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for Sudan

The 2012 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for the Sudan, with a special focus on agriculture, water, and energy, is built using data from domestic sources in the Sudan, including the Central Bureau of Statistics, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, and the Central Bank of Sudan, besides other external sources. Major data sets used include the 2012 National Accounts and Trade Statistics of the CBS, the 53rd Annual Report of the Central Bank of the Sudan, the 2011 Labor Force Survey, the 2009 Household Income and Expenditure Survey, the 2009-2012 Agricultural Production Cost Survey, and the 2005 Industrial Survey. Data from external sources are used to complement national sources. These sources include IMF studies on government finances, FAO reports and data on agriculture, and ILO reports on labor. The SAM distinguishes between agricultural activities based on modes of irrigation, energy based on its major source, and water based on modes of production and types of uses. Land is divided into irrigated and non-irrigated, while natural water resources are added in a separate account. Households are categorized by state, location (rural and urban), and income quintiles. Labor accounts are differentiated based on location (rural and urban), skill level, and gender.2012年苏丹社会核算矩阵（Social Accounting Matrix, SAM）以农业、水资源与能源为重点研究领域，其构建数据源自苏丹国内多机构及部分外部数据源。国内数据源包括中央统计局（Central Bureau of Statistics）、农业部、财政与经济规划部以及苏丹中央银行。所用核心数据集包括中央统计局发布的2012年国民账户与贸易统计数据、苏丹中央银行第53期年度报告、2011年劳动力调查、2009年住户收入与支出调查、2009-2012年农业生产成本调查及2005年工业调查。外部数据源用于补充国内数据源，具体包括国际货币基金组织（International Monetary Fund, IMF）关于政府财政的研究报告、联合国粮食及农业组织（Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO）的农业相关报告与数据，以及国际劳工组织（International Labour Organization, ILO）的劳动领域报告。本社会核算矩阵依据灌溉模式区分农业活动，按主要能源来源划分能源类别，并根据生产方式与使用类型对水资源进行分类；土地被划分为灌溉用地与非灌溉用地，同时将天然水资源纳入单独账户核算。住户按所在州、地域（农村与城镇）以及收入五等分进行分类；劳动力账户则依据地域（农村与城镇）、技能水平与性别进行差异化区分。