Drivers and scale dependency of plant-fungal-bacterial community co-assembly across the Arctic (2005-2021)

Despite considerable attention to biodiversity patterns in the face of global change, it remains unknown whether the same ecological drivers shape patterns of diversity in prokaryotes versus eukaryotes and in microscopic, small and large organisms. Plants (large, eukaryotic), fungi (small, eukaryotic) and bacteria (microscopic, prokaryotic) interact intensively belowground and can reciprocally affect community compositions of the other kingdoms. Their combined interactions and activities comprise the nexus of ecosystem function in terrestrial biomes. This study examined the fundamental ecological drivers of community assembly (dispersal, environmental filtering, competition, facilitation, niche partitioning, neutral processes) of plant-fungal-bacterial (PFB) communities across hierarchical spatial and ecological scales in the Arctic. We used Illumina sequencing to analyze the fungal and bacterial communities from over 3500 soil samples collected at 11 sites along two latitudinal transects in North America and Eurasia. Each transect includes all five bioclimatic subzones and spans 1700 kilometers (km) North to South. Furthermore, we obtained plant community and environmental data from all sampling sites to address a series of hypotheses about the drivers of alpha and beta diversity as well as community composition separately and jointly across plants, fungi and bacteria. Here we present the assembled plant, fungal, bacterial and environmental data sets. We sampled the plants, environments and soils in the field from 2005 to 2010, and analyses of soil fungi (all the molecular work and processing of sequences and bioinformatics) were conducted from 2013 to 2021, for a total range of 2005-2021.尽管学界针对全球变化背景下的生物多样性格局已开展大量研究，但目前仍不清楚，是否相同的生态驱动因子同时塑造了原核生物（prokaryotes）与真核生物（eukaryotes）、以及微型、小型和大型生物的多样性格局。大型真核植物、小型真核真菌与微型原核细菌在地下存在强烈的相互作用，并可彼此调控对方群落的组成结构。这三类生物的协同相互作用与生命活动共同构成了陆地生物群系生态系统功能的核心纽带。 本研究针对北极地区不同层级空间与生态尺度下的植物-真菌-细菌（plant-fungal-bacterial, PFB）群落，解析了其群落构建的核心生态驱动因子，包括扩散、环境过滤、种间竞争、促进作用、生态位分化以及中性过程。本研究依托北美与欧亚大陆两条纬度样带沿线的11个采样点，对采集到的3500余份土壤样本进行Illumina测序以解析真菌与细菌群落组成；每条样带覆盖全部5个生物气候亚带，南北跨度达1700千米（km）。此外，本研究从所有采样点获取了植物群落与环境数据，以分别或联合验证关于植物、真菌与细菌的α多样性、β多样性及群落组成驱动因子的一系列假说。本研究在此发布已完成整合的植物、真菌、细菌及环境数据集。 本研究于2005年至2010年间完成野外植物、环境与土壤样品采集；土壤真菌的相关分析（涵盖全部分子实验、序列处理及生物信息学分析）则于2013年至2021年间开展，整体研究周期覆盖2005年至2021年。