<b>SPP location with spherical ray tracing by</b><b> </b><b>refractive index</b>
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Assuming the refractive index from satellite to top of atmosphere is 1, with electromagnetic wave velocity as light speed <i>c</i>. The atmosphere can be divided into multiple layers. For a specific layer with bottom/top velocities <i>v</i><sub>1</sub>,<i>v</i><sub>2</sub> and radii <i>r</i><sub>1</sub>,<i>r</i><sub>2</sub><sub></sub>, the wave velocity <i>v</i> within this layer follows the spherical coordinate formula centered at Earth:，whereand. For incident electromagnetic wave with ray parameter <i>p</i>, the travel time through this layer iswhere，The horizontal arc traversed by the wave in this layer is:
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figshare创建时间：
2025-05-23
