Data for: Trade-off between the economic and ecological impact of different decarbonisation strategies for residential buildings

“E3 - A parametric model to evaluate trade-offs between the Energetic, Economic, and Environmental lifecycle performance of building projects” is a spreadsheet tool for the calculation of the environmental and economic lifecycle impact, as well as the Pareto optimal evaluation method, of strategies for residential buildings. Quantities of the building´s components (building geometry, materials or assembly types and their sizes, number of flats, number of tenants, and so on) are retrieved from technical plans. Calculation of quantities is performed according to the definitions described in DIN 277-1. Quantities and parameters for the building services components are determined by balancing all energy load (demand) profiles with energy generation profiles. Energy profiles are modelled in the E3 tool on an hourly basis (that is, using 8,790 points) for a typical year of operation. Energy load profiles determine the peak load for building services, which is used to determine each component´s required size. For photovoltaic cells and solar thermal collectors, peak load and size are constrained by the available surface. All other components can be modularly scaled to any size. Finally, energy generation profiles are used to determine primary energy use for building operation. Energy load profiles include heating energy demand, warm water demand, user power demand, and auxiliary power demand. Heating energy demand is calculated by assessing the thermal quality of the building envelope as a factor of temperature (W/K) over time (h). The thermal quality of the building envelope is found by balancing transmission losses through the building envelope and ventilation losses against solar thermal energy gains and internal heat gains. Energy generation profiles are modelled using factors to represent the efficiency of transforming a primary energy source (photons, solar thermal energy, gas, or grid power) in delivered energy (thermal energy or electricity).

E3——用于评估建筑项目能源、经济与全生命周期环境性能权衡的参数化模型，是一款可计算住宅建筑策略的环境与经济全生命周期影响，并开展帕累托最优评估的电子表格工具。建筑构件的相关参数（建筑几何形状、材料或装配类型及其规格、公寓数量、住户人数等）可从技术图纸中提取。参数计算依据DIN 277-1中的相关定义开展。建筑设备构件的参数与用量，通过平衡各类能源负荷（需求）曲线与能源产出曲线确定。E3工具以典型运行年为基准，按小时尺度（即采用8790个数据点）对能源曲线进行建模。能源负荷曲线可确定建筑设备的峰值负荷，以此推算各构件所需的规格尺寸。对于光伏电池与太阳能集热器，其峰值负荷与规格受可用安装面积限制；其余所有构件均可按模块化方式缩放至任意规格。最终，能源产出曲线将用于计算建筑运行的一次能源消耗量。能源负荷曲线涵盖采暖能源需求、热水需求、用户用电需求与辅助用电需求。采暖能源需求通过评估建筑围护结构的热工性能计算得出，该性能以随时间（小时）变化的热导（W/K）作为表征参数。建筑围护结构的热工性能，通过平衡围护结构传热损失与通风损失，并与太阳得热和内部得热进行平衡计算得出。能源产出曲线通过相关因子建模，这些因子用于表征一次能源（光子、太阳能热能、天然气或电网电力）转化为终端能源（热能或电能）的效率。