Soil Dataset for the Jazira Region of Syria

This soils dataset complements 13 other datasets as part of a study that compared ancient settlement patterns with modern environmental conditions in the Jazira region of Syria. This study examined settlement distribution and density patterns over the past five millennia using archaeological survey reports and French 1930s 1:200,000 scale maps to locate and map archaeological sites. An archaeological site dataset was created and compared to and modelled with soil, geology, terrain (contour), surface and subsurface hydrology and normal and dry year precipitation pattern datasets; there are also three spreadsheet datasets providing 1963 precipitation and temperature readings collected at three locations in the region. The environmental datasets were created to account for ancient and modern population subsistence activities, which comprise barley and wheat farming and livestock grazing. These environmental datasets were subsequently modelled with the archaeological site dataset, as well as, land use and population density datasets for the Jazira region. Ancient trade routes were also mapped and factored into the model, and a comparison was made to ascertain if there was a correlation between ancient and modern settlement patterns and environmental conditions; the latter influencing subsistence activities. This soil dataset was created to show distribution pattern of soils in the Jazira region. Dry farming has sustained populations in the region for millennia and soils were critical for sustaining this activity which included wheat and barley production. Soil dataset is attributed with soil type, secondary soil type and soil code variables. Additional attributes include land use type, other land uses and tertiary land use activities.本土壤数据集作为叙利亚杰济拉（Jazira）地区古代聚落格局与现代环境条件对比研究的一部分，可与其余13套数据集形成互补。 此项研究依托考古调查报告与20世纪30年代法国出版的1:20万比例尺地图，对过去五千年来的聚落分布与密度格局展开分析，以定位并绘制考古遗址（archaeological site）分布图。研究构建了考古遗址数据集，并将其与土壤、地质、地形（等高线）、地表与地下水文、平水年与枯水年降水格局等数据集进行比对与建模；此外还包含3套表格数据集，记录了该地区3处观测站点1963年的降水与气温观测数据。本系列环境数据集旨在适配古代与现代人口生计活动，涵盖大麦与小麦种植以及畜牧放牧活动。 随后，研究将上述环境数据集与考古遗址数据集，以及杰济拉地区的土地利用、人口密度数据集进行建模分析；同时绘制了古代贸易路线图并将其纳入模型，通过比对验证古代与现代聚落格局与环境条件之间是否存在相关性——而环境条件正是影响生计活动的关键因素。 本土壤数据集旨在呈现杰济拉地区的土壤分布格局。数千年来，旱地农业一直是该地区人口赖以生存的支柱产业，而土壤正是支撑小麦、大麦种植等旱地农业活动的核心要素。 本土壤数据集包含土壤类型、次要土壤类型与土壤编码等变量属性，附加属性还包括土地利用类型、其他土地利用类型以及第三级土地利用活动类型。