Results of linear mixed model analysis–change in lung function parameter per unit change in covariable.

aCT emphysema defined as the log transformed percentage of voxels below −950 Hounsfield Units; bCT air trapping defined as the expiratory to inspiratory ratio of mean lung density; FEV1/FVC ratio of FEV1 over forced vital capacity; FEV1 forced expiratory volume in the first second;The effect of the covariable on FEV1/FVC can be determined by calculating the product of the coefficient (ie. FEV1/FVC difference) times the increase in covariable (ie. Change). For example, the maximum loss of FEV1/FVC due to CT emphysema in our population is about 3.9% (ie. log[rangeCT Emphysema]*coefficient) compared to 22.2% due to CT air trapping (ie. rangeCT Air trapping*coefficient).