Human capital, asymmetric growth effects, and environmental pressure in Brazil: evidence from ecological and carbon footprints

This dataset contains the processed annual time-series data for Brazil used in the manuscript “Human capital, asymmetric growth effects, and environmental pressure in Brazil: evidence from ecological and carbon footprints”. The package includes the final dataset in Stata and CSV formats, the Stata do-file used to reproduce the empirical analysis, and the figures generated from the replication workflow. The dataset covers 1970–2021 and includes ecological footprint, carbon footprint, economic growth, natural resource rents, urbanization, human capital, the income–human capital interaction term, and variables used to reconstruct asymmetric income changes. The replication file reproduces the main results reported in the manuscript, including ADF unit-root tests, ARDL and NARDL estimations, marginal effects, and Toda–Yamamoto causality tests.