Effects of different methods of strength training on indicators of muscle fatigue during and after strength training: a systematic review

Abstract Introduction: The development of strength has shown to be beneficial to sports performance and health. However, during strength training, they also produce alterations in muscle fatigue indicators, leading to a decrease in the ability to generate strength. Despite this, there is still not enough knowledge about the levels of muscle fatigue generated by different methods of strength training and how this information can be integrated into sports planning. Review and analyze the studies existing between January 2009 and January 2019 that have used indicators of muscle fatigue established in the search terms during and after strength training as measurement variables. Evidence acquisition: The study corresponds to a systematic review of previously published studies, following the PRISMA model. Articles published between 2009 and 2019 that measured muscle fatigue indicators during and after strength training were evaluated. The electronic search was conducted through Web of Science, Scopus, Sport Discus, PubMed, and Medline. We included all articles that used a strength protocol and also measured indicators of muscle fatigue and its possible effect on physical performance. Evidence synthesis: A total of 39 articles were found, which were stratified according to the protocol used: (i) plyometric training, (ii) Bodypump® training, (iii) occlusion training, (iv) variable resistance training, (v) conventional strength training, (vi) eccentric strength training, (vii) rest times in strength training and (viii) concurrent training. Conclusion: At the end of the systematic review, it was shown that the different training methodologies for strength development generate increases in muscle fatigue indicators, and the increase generated in the different muscle fatigue indicators depends both on the methodology used and on the type of population, sex, level of training and type of sport. The most-reported indicators are [La], HR and RPE, DOM, MR variation, and ammonium.摘要与引言：力量训练对运动表现与健康均具有积极作用。然而，在力量训练过程中，训练会引发肌肉疲劳相关指标的改变，进而导致肌力生成能力下降。尽管如此，目前学界对于不同力量训练方式所诱发的肌肉疲劳程度，以及如何将此类信息整合至运动规划中，仍缺乏足够的认知。本研究回顾并分析了2009年1月至2019年1月期间发表的相关研究，这些研究均以力量训练期间及训练后测得的肌肉疲劳指标作为测量变量。 证据获取：本研究属于遵循PRISMA模型的系统综述。我们对2009年至2019年发表的、以力量训练期间及训练后肌肉疲劳指标为测量对象的相关文章进行了评估。电子检索通过Web of Science、Scopus、Sport Discus、PubMed及Medline数据库完成。本研究纳入所有采用力量训练方案、同时测量了肌肉疲劳指标及其对运动表现潜在影响的文章。 证据综合：本次检索共获取39篇相关文献，根据所采用的训练方案对其进行分层归类：(i) 超等长训练；(ii) Bodypump®训练；(iii) 血流限制训练；(iv) 可变阻力训练；(v) 传统力量训练；(vi) 离心力量训练；(vii) 力量训练间歇时长；(viii) 复合训练。 结论：本系统综述结果显示，各类用于提升力量的训练方法均会导致肌肉疲劳指标升高，且不同肌肉疲劳指标的升高幅度，既取决于所采用的训练方法，也与研究对象的人群类型、性别、训练水平及运动项目类型相关。本综述中被最频繁报道的肌肉疲劳指标包括血乳酸浓度([La])、心率(Heart Rate, HR)、自觉劳累分级(Rating of Perceived Exertion, RPE)、延迟性肌肉酸痛(Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness, DOM)、肌肉反应变化量(MR variation)及铵浓度。