Inflammaging is minimal among forager-horticulturalists in the Bolivian Amazon

An increase in chronic systemic inflammation in later life, termed inflammaging, is implicated in health risk. However, it is unclear whether inflammaging develops in all human populations, or if it is the product of modern environmental mismatch. We assessed inflammaging in Tsimane forager-horticulturalists of the Bolivian Amazon, using serum cytokines in a primarily cross-sectional sample (1,134 samples from n = 714, ages 39-94, 51.3% female). IL-6 was positively associated with age (β = 0.013, p < 0.01). However, other pro-inflammatory markers, including IL-1β and TNF-α, did not increase with age (β = -0.005 and β = -0.001, respectively). We then compared the Moseten, a neighboring population that has experienced greater market integration (423 samples from n = 380, ages 39-85, 48.2% female). The Moseten also showed a positive age association for IL-6 that attenuated at later ages (age β = 0.025, p < 0.01; age2 β = -0.001, p < 0.05). Further, IL-1β and TNF-α were both positi..., , # Inflammaging is minimal among forager-horticulturalists in the Bolivian Amazon

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.2v6wwq00q](10.5061/dryad.2v6wwq00q)

## Description of the data and file structure

The purpose of this study is to assess whether the Tsimane, forager-horticulturalists residing in the Bolivian Amazon, develop chronic inflammation in later life (termed inflammaging). The data collected to answer this question included a panel of cytokines measured from serum samples. Cytokines were measured in pg/mL using the Quansys 15-plex assay. Tsimane data were compared to a neighboring and closely related population, the Moseten, which has experienced greater market integration and lifestyle shifts. 

The files include (1) the code used to produce the results, (2) a heading file showing the variable names used in the analysis, (3) data from each table in the manuscript in .csv format, and (4) data from regression models used to produce each figure.

### Files and variables

#### File: inf..., Informed consent was given by the Tsimane Government (Gran Consejo Tsimane), village leaders, and all study participants directly. Methods and procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the University of New Mexico (HRRC #07-157; #15-133; #17-230), University of California Santa Barbara (HRRC #28-21-0788), and the Universidad San Simon Cochabamba, Bolivia.

Individual-level data are stored in the Tsimane Health and Life History Project (THLHP) Data Repository, and are available through restricted access for ethical reasons. THLHP's highest priority is the safeguarding of human subjects and minimization of risk to study participants. The THLHP adheres to the “CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance” (Collective Benefit, Authority to Control, Responsibility, and Ethics), which assure that the Tsimane 1) have sovereignty over how data are shared, 2) are the primary gatekeepers determining ethical use, 3) are actively engaged in the data generation, and 4) derive...