Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in full-term and preterm newborns

Purpose to evaluate and compare the amplitude of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions, observing the variables gender and ear in preterm and term newborns with and without hearing impairment risk. Methods the group studied consisted of 156 newborns of both genders, aged up to 54 post-conceptional weeks, allocated into three groups according to their gestational age. Group G1 was composed of 83 term newborns and G2 of 73 preterm infants. The latter was subdivided into G2A, composed of 42 newborns without hearing loss risk and G2B of 31 newborns at risk. The transient evoked otoacoustic emissions were obtained by nonlinear click stimulus presented at 84 dB SPL with the Echocheck ILO OAE Screener, Otodynamics. For data analysis, the following statistical tests were used: Mann-Whitney, chi-square or Fisher exact test, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Dunn multiple, post marked Wilcoxon with p< 0, 05 was considered significant. Results the amplitude of the transient evoked otoacoustic emissions was greater in G1 (p= 0.017) than in G2 (p= 0.048) in the right and left ear and these difference was significant. Group G1 (p = 0,009) presented statistically greater amplitude in otoacoustic emissions than G2B in the right ear. Conclusion the term group presented greater amplitude in otoacoustic emissions than the pre-term group. No difference in otoacoustic emissions was observed in the variables gender or ear.

研究目的：本研究旨在评估并对比瞬态诱发耳声发射（transient evoked otoacoustic emissions）的幅值，针对存在或无听力损伤风险的早产与足月新生儿，分析性别与耳侧两个变量的影响。
研究方法：本研究共纳入156名不同性别的新生儿，受孕后胎龄均不超过54周，按胎龄分为三组。G1组包含83名足月新生儿，G2组包含73名早产新生儿；G2组进一步细分为两个亚组：G2A（42名无听力损失风险的新生儿）与G2B（31名存在听力损伤风险的新生儿）。采用Otodynamics公司生产的Echocheck ILO OAE筛查仪，以84 dB SPL的非线性咔哒声作为刺激信号采集瞬态诱发耳声发射。数据分析采用曼-惠特尼检验、卡方检验或费希尔确切概率法、克拉斯卡尔-沃利斯单因素方差分析、邓恩多重比较及事后威尔科克森检验，以p<0.05作为差异具有统计学意义的判定标准。
研究结果：无论右耳还是左耳，G1组的瞬态诱发耳声发射幅值均显著高于G2组（p=0.017、p=0.048），差异具有统计学意义。在右耳侧中，G1组的耳声发射幅值同样显著高于G2B组（p=0.009），差异具有统计学意义。
研究结论：足月新生儿组的瞬态诱发耳声发射幅值高于早产新生儿组。在性别与耳侧两个变量中，未观察到瞬态诱发耳声发射幅值存在显著差异。