Changes in Animal Use through Time at Fusihatchee (1EE191)

Archaeological sites appropriate for the study of subsistence change resulting from European-Native American contact are uncommon in the southeastern United States. One of these sites is Fusihatchee (1EE191), a Creek town in what is now Alabama. Materials from Fusihatchee were deposited during four time periods spanning the Contact Period, permitting a diachronic analysis of Creek subsistence practices. Vertebrate and some invertebrate remains were studied. The Late Mississippian component consists of 494 identifiable specimens and an estimated 19 individuals. The Protohistoric assemblage, excavated from five structures and one feature, is the largest sample reported here, totaling 11,166 specimens and an estimated 126 individuals. The Historic period sample consists of 3,746 specimens and an estimated 83 individuals. The Late Historic collection includes 536 specimens and an estimated 14 individuals. In all of these time periods, terrestrial resources appear to have been favored over aquatic resources by the Creek. Evidence of the Creek-European deerskin trade is apparent in the Historic assemblage and evidence from the Protohistoric component suggests intra-site distribution of carcass portions. The data further support earlier interpretations of Creek cultural conservatism with the introduction of EuroAfiican and EuroAsian domestic animals.美国东南部地区，适合研究欧裔与北美原住民接触所引发的生计模式变迁的考古遗址并不多见。其中一处遗址便是弗西哈奇（Fusihatchee，1EE191），它是今美国阿拉巴马州境内的克里克（Creek）聚落城镇。弗西哈奇遗址的遗存堆积跨越接触期（Contact Period）的四个时间阶段，为开展克里克人生计实践的历时性分析提供了可能。本次研究针对该遗址的脊椎动物与部分无脊椎动物遗存展开分析。密西西比晚期（Late Mississippian）遗存组分包含494件可鉴定标本，对应至少19个个体。从5处建筑遗存与1处考古遗迹中出土的原史时期（Protohistoric）遗存组合是本次报告中规模最大的样本，总计11166件标本，对应至少126个个体。历史时期样本共计3746件标本，对应至少83个个体。晚期历史时期遗存共包含536件标本，对应至少14个个体。在所有时间阶段中，克里克人似乎更偏好陆生资源而非水生资源。历史时期遗存组合中可见克里克人与欧裔开展鹿皮贸易的相关证据；原史时期文化层的遗存则显示出遗址内部动物躯体部分的分布特征。本次研究数据进一步佐证了此前的相关解读：在引入欧非与欧亚大陆家养动物的背景下，克里克文化仍表现出较强的保守性。