General characteristic of subjects dichotomized into early eaters and late eaters depending on breakfast timing (median: 30 min).

Values are shown as mean ± SD.BMI, body mass index; RRI, R-R interval; HF nu, the ratio of high frequency (HF: >0.15 Hz) power to total power (>0.04 Hz); LF/HF, the ratio of low frequency (LF: 0.04–0.15 Hz) power to HF power.*Significantly different between the groups (p†Non-paired t test;‡Mann-Whitney U test;§Chi-squared test.¶Time since awakening.aThe ratio of energy intake to total energy intake (E%).General characteristic of subjects dichotomized into early eaters and late eaters depending on breakfast timing (median: 30 min).