A systems approach to pedestrian safety, Phase II: Examining congestion pricing policies [R21]

We sought to understand the scope of existing research on toll-based CPPs and found that the number of publications grew significantly between 1956 and 2021, with highest productivity in 2015 (n=122). Prevalent topic areas within toll-based CPP literature included the following: factors affecting policy implementation (e.g., design consideration, public perceptions, political acceptability), simulation modeling approaches to understand network dynamics, and impacts of CPP implementation (e.g., traveler choices, air quality/emissions). There were numerous collaborations between authors from different countries, and we observed notable shifts in research productivity by country, as different countries consider these policies. Research gaps identified by this analysis included equity considerations, examination of CPP impacts on specific road user types (e.g., pedestrians, bicyclists), and safety impacts for all road users. Future research should address these gaps with multidisciplinary and international collaborations to support CPP implementation that meets the needs of diverse communities and travel modes.