Inferring the dynamics of populations in time and space is a central challenge in ecology. Intra-specific structure (for example genetically distinct sub-populations or meta-populations) may require
Genetic divergence among (net nucleotide distance) and within (expected heterozygosity) populations, and the proportion of membership of the population samples.
HM, Hengduan Mountains; NC, northern China; CA, central Asia; * NST is significantly different from GST (P<0.05); **NST is significantly different from GST (P<0.01); ns, not significant. Genetic diver