Data from: Population genetic structure and demographic history of Atrina pectinata based on mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite markers

The pen shell, Atrina pectinata, is one of the commercial bivalves in East Asia and thought to be recently affected by anthropogenic pressure (habitat destruction and/or fishing pressure). Information on its population genetic structure is crucial for the conservation of A. pectinata. Considering its long pelagic larval duration and iteroparity with high fecundity, the genetic structure for A. pectinata could be expected to be weak at a fine scale. However, the unusual oceanography in the coasts of China and Korea suggests potential for restricted dispersal of pelagic larvae and geographical differentiation. In addition, environmental changes associated with Pleistocene sea level fluctuations on the East China Sea continental shelf may also have strongly influenced historical population demography and genetic diversity of marine organisms. Here, partial sequences of the mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and seven microsatellite loci were used to estimate population genetic structure and demographic history of seven samples from Northern China coast and one sample from North Korea coast. Despite high levels of genetic diversity within samples, there was no genetic differentiation among samples from Northern China coast and low but significant genetic differentiation between some of the Chinese samples and the North Korean sample. A late Pleistocene population expansion, probably after the Last Glacial Maximum, was also demonstrated for A. pectinata samples. No recent genetic bottleneck was detected in any of the eight samples. We concluded that both historical recolonization (through population range expansion and demographic expansion in the late Pleistocene) and current gene flow (through larval dispersal) were responsible for the weak level of genetic structure detected in A. pectinata.栉江珧（Atrina pectinata）是东亚地区的商业双壳类软体动物，近年被发现受到人为活动压力（栖息地破坏及/或捕捞压力）的干扰。其种群遗传结构信息对于栉江珧的保护工作至关重要。鉴于该物种具有较长的浮游幼虫期以及高繁殖力的多次繁殖特性，在精细空间尺度下，栉江珧的遗传结构本应较弱。然而，中国与朝鲜半岛沿岸独特的海洋学特征，暗示其浮游幼虫的扩散可能受到限制，进而存在地理分化格局。此外，东海大陆架更新世（Pleistocene）海平面波动所引发的环境变化，或曾强烈影响海洋生物的历史种群动态与遗传多样性。本研究采用线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I（Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI）基因的部分序列以及7个微卫星（microsatellite）位点，对采自中国北方沿岸的7个群体与朝鲜北方沿岸的1个群体开展了种群遗传结构及种群历史动态分析。尽管各群体内部遗传多样性水平较高，但中国北方沿岸各群体间未检测到遗传分化；而部分中国群体与朝鲜北方群体间则存在程度较低但显著的遗传分化。栉江珧群体还呈现出更新世晚期（大概率末次冰盛期之后）的种群扩张现象。8个供试群体均未检测到近期的遗传瓶颈事件。本研究最终认为，历史上的重新定殖（通过更新世晚期的种群范围扩张与种群动态扩张）以及当前的基因流（通过幼虫扩散），共同导致了本次研究中栉江珧所检测到的较弱遗传结构格局。