Effects of nitrogen and sulphur Deposition on forests and forest Biodiversity

Nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) emissions increased dramatically during the second half of the 20th century causing excess deposition of N and S in natural and semi-natural ecosystems. Both excess N and S deposition have a wide array of detrimental effects in forest ecosystems and their biodiversity. Unlike N emissions, which remain at a level which is too high, S emissions have been abated successfully in Europe through internationally ratified protocols (UNECE/CLRTAP) and related measures.20世纪下半叶，氮（N）与硫（S）排放量急剧增长，致使自然与半自然生态系统出现氮、硫过量沉降的情况。氮、硫的过量沉降会对森林生态系统及其生物多样性造成诸多不利影响。与居高不下的氮排放不同，欧洲已通过经国际批准的议定书（联合国欧洲经济委员会/长程越界空气污染公约，UNECE/CLRTAP）及相关措施，成功削减了硫排放。