ABSTRACT Introduction From premed to graduating from medical school, more than just the academic content is required from students, and emotional preparation is necessary. Faced with a full-time cours
We used the standard and validated Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), which was developed by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh in 1988 AD. The questionnaire included baseline variables l
Refractive errors (REs) remain a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. Understanding their prevalence and associated risk factors is essential for early intervention, particularly in populatio
