Temperature during pupal development affects hoverfly developmental time, adult lifespan and wing length

Hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) are cosmopolitan, generalist flower visitors and among the most important pollinators after bees and bumblebees. The dronefly Eristalis tenax can be found in temperate and continental climates across the globe, often synanthropically. Eristalis tenax pupae of different generations and different climate zones are thus exposed to vastly different temperatures. In many insects, the ambient temperature during the pupal stage affects development, adult size, and survival; however, the effect of developmental temperature on these traits in hoverflies is comparatively poorly understood. We here reared Eristalis tenax pupae at different temperatures, from 10°C to 25°C, and quantified the effect on adult hoverflies. We found that pupal rearing at 17°C appeared to be optimal, with high eclosion rates, longer wings, and increased adult longevity. Rearing temperatures above or below this optimum led to decreased eclosion rates, wing size, and adult survival. Similar...食蚜蝇（Hoverflies，双翅目Diptera、食蚜蝇科Syrphidae）为广布性泛化访花昆虫，是仅次于蜜蜂与熊蜂的重要传粉类群之一。长尾管蚜蝇（Eristalis tenax）广布于全球温带及大陆性气候区域，多与人居环境伴生。由于不同世代、不同气候区的长尾管蚜蝇蛹所处环境温度差异极大，而在多数昆虫中，蛹期环境温度会影响其发育进程、成虫体型与存活率，但目前学界对食蚜蝇类群中发育温度对上述性状的影响机制尚缺乏足够深入的认知。 本研究设置10℃至25℃的梯度温度饲养长尾管蚜蝇蛹，并量化了温度对成虫的影响效应。研究结果显示，17℃的蛹期饲养温度为最优条件：此时羽化率高、成虫翅长更长，且成虫寿命显著延长。当饲养温度偏离该最优值时，羽化率、翅尺寸与成虫存活率均会下降。类似的……