TILLAGE INTERFERENCE IN THE QUALITY OF PEANUT MECHANIZED HARVEST

ABSTRACT In Brazil, a large portion of peanut production is found under conventional soil preparation. Due to the fact that there is a lack in studies related to the cultivation of peanuts in conservationists soil preparation, mainly in the field of losses and mechanized harvesting. Thus, it was aimed to assess the quality of digging and gathering operation of peanut, based on losses, using statistical process control techniques in two tillages. The sowing was carried out under conventional and conservationist preparation, revolving only the sowing line. Losses were evaluated in the digging and gathering operation, being that in the gathering it was evaluated the harvest losses in three displacement speeds (4, 6 and 8 km h-1) in two tillages. The quality of the process was affected by the soil preparation based on the visible and invisible losses, respectively. Regarding the gathering, the conservationist preparation, it was unstable in all indicators, whereas in the conventional preparation it was noticed reduction of the variability for all the displacement speeds. The peanut sowing under conservationist preparation provided a better quality digging. In contrast, the gathering of pods in areas under conventional tillage showed a better quality of the operation.摘要：在巴西，花生种植的绝大部分采用传统土壤耕作（conventional soil preparation）模式。目前针对保护性土壤耕作（conservationist soil preparation）模式下花生种植的相关研究尚显不足，尤其是在损失量与机械化收获领域的研究。为此，本研究旨在基于损失量指标，结合统计过程控制（Statistical Process Control）技术，评估两种耕作模式下花生挖掘与捡拾作业的质量。本试验分别采用传统土壤耕作与保护性土壤耕作模式开展花生播种，且仅对播种行实施旋耕作业。研究对挖掘与捡拾作业中的损失量进行了测定，其中捡拾环节的收获损失量在两种耕作模式下分别以3种行进速度（4、6、8 km·h⁻¹）开展评估。土壤耕作模式对作业质量的影响分别体现在可见损失与不可见损失维度。就捡拾环节而言，保护性土壤耕作模式下的各项作业指标均表现不稳定；而传统土壤耕作模式下，三种行进速度的作业变异性均有所降低。采用保护性土壤耕作模式播种的花生，其挖掘作业质量更优；与之相对，传统土壤耕作模式地块的荚果捡拾作业质量更佳。