Insights into the genetic history of French cattle from dense SNP data on 47 worldwide breeds

BACKGROUND: Modern cattle originate from populations of the wild extinct aurochs through a few domestication events which occurred about 8,000 years ago. Newly domesticated populations subsequently spread worldwide following breeder migration routes. The resulting complex historical origins associated with both natural and artificial selection have led to the differentiation of numerous different cattle breeds displaying a broad phenotypic variety over a short period of time. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: This study gives a detailed assessment of cattle genetic diversity based on 1,121 individuals sampled in 47 populations from different parts of the world (with a special focus on French cattle) genotyped for 44,706 autosomal SNPs. The analyzed data set consisted of new genotypes for 296 individuals representing 14 French cattle breeds which were combined to those available from three previously published studies. After characterizing SNP polymorphism in the different populations, we ...背景：现代家牛起源于约8000年前经数次驯化事件形成的野生已灭绝原牛（aurochs）种群。经驯化的种群随后跟随育种者的迁徙路线扩散至全球各地。这种兼具自然选择与人工选择的复杂历史起源，使得在较短时间内分化出众多表型丰富多样的牛品种。研究方法/主要结果：本研究针对牛的遗传多样性开展详细评估，所用样本为采自全球各地47个种群的1121头个体（重点关注法国牛品种），所有个体均针对44706个常染色体单核苷酸多态性（SNP）完成基因分型。本次分析的数据集包含代表14个法国牛品种的296头个体的新基因型数据，并将其与此前三项已发表研究的可用数据进行整合。在对不同种群的SNP多态性进行特征分析后，我们……