Data from: Sinonasal microbiome sampling: a comparison of techniques

Background: The role of the sino-nasal microbiome in CRS remains unclear. We hypothesized that the bacteria within mucosal-associated biofilms may be different from the more superficial-lying, free-floating bacteria in the sinuses and that this may impact on the microbiome results obtained. This study investigates whether there is a significant difference in the microbiota of a sinonasal mucosal tissue sample versus a swab sample. Methods: Cross-sectional study with paired design. Mucosal biopsy and swab samples were obtained intra-operatively from the ethmoid sinuses of 6 patients with CRS. Extracted DNA was sequenced on a Roche-454 sequencer using 16S-rRNA gene targeted primers. Data were analyzed using QIIME 1.8 software package. Results: At a maximum subsampling depth of 1,100 reads, the mean observed species richness was 33.3 species (30.6 for swab, versus 36 for mucosa; p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in phylogenetic and non-phylogenetic alpha diversity metrics (Faith’s PD_Whole_Tree and Shannon’s index) between the two sampling methods (p > 0.05). The type of sample also had no significant effect on phylogenetic and non-phylogenetic beta diversity metrics (Unifrac and Bray-Curtis; p > 0.05). Conclusion: We observed no significant difference between the microbiota of mucosal tissue and swab samples. This suggests that less invasive swab samples are representative of the sinonasal mucosa microbiome and can be used for future sinonasal microbiome studies.背景：鼻窦鼻腔微生物组在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（Chronic Rhinosinusitis, CRS）中的作用尚未明确。本研究假设，黏膜相关生物膜内的细菌与鼻窦内浅表游离漂浮的细菌存在差异，且该差异可能影响所获得的微生物组检测结果。本研究旨在探讨鼻窦鼻腔黏膜组织样本与拭子样本的微生物群是否存在显著差异。 方法：本研究为配对设计横断面研究。于术中从6例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者的筛窦处获取黏膜活检样本与拭子样本。提取DNA后，采用靶向16S核糖体RNA基因（16S rRNA gene）的引物，在罗氏454测序仪（Roche-454 sequencer）上进行测序。使用QIIME 1.8软件包（QIIME 1.8 software package）对数据进行分析。 结果：在最大抽平测序深度为1100条读段时，观测到的平均物种丰富度为33.3个物种（拭子样本为30.6个，黏膜样本为36个；p>0.05）。两种采样方法的系统发育与非系统发育α多样性指标（Faith’s 全树系统发育多样性指数（Faith’s PD_Whole_Tree）与香农指数（Shannon’s index））均无显著差异（p>0.05）。样本类型对系统发育与非系统发育β多样性指标（UniFrac指数（Unifrac）与Bray-Curtis相异指数（Bray-Curtis））亦无显著影响（p>0.05）。 结论：本研究未观察到黏膜组织样本与拭子样本的微生物群存在显著差异。这表明微创拭子样本能够代表鼻窦鼻腔黏膜微生物组，可用于未来的鼻窦鼻腔微生物组研究。