Subject demographics.

Values are means (SE, standard error or 95% CI, confidence interval) or numbers (%). P values are from student’s t-test (†), Pearson chi-square test (‡), and from linear mixed model analysis, correcting for age, gender, BMI, and correlation of sibling relationship (a). Models were fitted for natural log-transformed values for insulin. For transformed variables, data are presented as geometric means with 95% confidence intervals.
Age: age at serum screening, Hypertension: systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure ≥85 mmHg, or administration of antihypertensive medication, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Insulin: nonfasting serum insulin levels, Glucose: nonfasting serum glucose levels.