Data from: Description, phylogenetic placement and niche modeling of a new species of Croton section Lamprocroton (Euphorbiaceae)

A new species of <i>Croton</i>, endemic to the municipality of Buíque, in the state of Pernambuco (Northeastern Brazil) is described. Morphological and molecular data provide evidence for placing it in <i>Croton</i> section <i>Lamprocroton</i>. This is the second species of section <i>Lamprocroton</i> recorded for Northeastern Brazil and the first for the state of Pernambuco. The systematic position of the new species, its morphological relationships, illustrations, distribution map, ecological data, preliminary conservation status, and ecological niche analysis are addressed and discussed in the study.