Data for: Cryo-braking using Penetrators for Enhanced Capabilities for the Potential Landing of Payloads on Icy Solar System Objects

The icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn are important astrobiology targets. Access to the surface of these worlds is made difficult by the high ΔV requirements which is typically in the hypervelocity range. Passive braking systems cannot be used due to the lack of an atmosphere, and active braking by rockets significantly adds to the missions costs. This paper demonstrates that a two-stage landing system can overcome these problems and provide significant improvements in the payload fraction that can be landed The first stage involves a hypervelocity impactor which is designed to penetrate to a depth of a few tens of meters. This interaction is the cryo-breaking component and is examined through laboratory experiments, empirical relations and modeling. The resultant ice-particle cloud creates a transient artificial atmosphere that can be used to enable passive braking of the second stage payload section, with a substantially higher mass payload fraction than possible with a rocket landing system.木星与土星的冰封卫星是重要的天体生物学（astrobiology）研究目标。抵达这些天体的地表极具挑战，其所需的速度增量（ΔV）通常处于超高速区间。由于缺乏大气层，无法采用被动制动系统，而依靠火箭实施主动制动则会大幅提升任务成本。本文证明，两级着陆系统可破解上述难题，并能显著提升可着陆有效载荷占比（payload fraction）。该系统的第一级为超高速撞击器，设计用于穿透至数十米深的冰层；这一撞击相互作用过程即为低温破障组件，相关机理可通过实验室实验、经验关系式与建模手段开展研究。撞击产生的冰粒子云会形成瞬态人工大气，可用于为二级载荷舱段提供被动制动，其有效载荷占比远高于火箭着陆系统。