马达加斯加岛 – 世界地理数据大百科辞条

马达加斯加岛在非洲的东南部，位于11o56′59″S - 25o36′25″S及43o11′18″E - 50o29′36″E之间。通过莫桑比克海峡与位于非洲大陆的莫桑比克相望，最近距离为415千米。临近的岛屿分别为西北部的科摩罗群岛、北部的塞舌尔群岛、东部的毛里求斯岛和留尼汪岛等。在google earth 2015年遥感影像基础上研发的马达加斯加海岸线数据集表明，马达加斯加岛面积591,128.68平方千米，其中马达加斯加本岛面积589,015.06平方千米，周边小岛面积为2,113.62平方千米。马达加斯加本岛是非洲第一大岛，是仅次于格陵兰、新几内亚岛和加里曼丹岛的世界第四大岛屿。岛的形状呈南北走向狭长纺锤形，南北向长1,572千米；南北窄，中部宽，最宽处达574千米。海岸线总长16,309.27千米, 其中马达加斯加本岛海岸线长10,899.03千米，周边小岛海岸线长5,410.24千米。马达加斯加岛属于马达加斯加共和国。全国共划分22个区，119个县。22个区分别为：阿那拉芒加区，第亚那区，上马齐亚特拉区，博爱尼区，阿齐那那那区，阿齐莫-安德列发那区，萨瓦区，伊达西区，法基南卡拉塔区，邦古拉法区，索非亚区，贝齐博卡区，梅拉基区，阿拉奥特拉-曼古罗区，阿那拉兰基罗富区，阿莫罗尼马尼亚区，法土法韦-非图韦那尼区，阿齐莫-阿齐那那那区，伊霍罗贝区，美那贝区，安德罗伊区和阿诺西区。首都安塔那那利佛（Antananarivo）位于岛屿的中东部。马达加斯加岛是由火山及喀斯特地貌为主。贯穿海岛的是巨大火山岩山体-察腊塔纳山，其主峰马鲁穆库特鲁山（Maromokotro）海拔2,876米，是全国最高峰。马达加斯加自然景观垂直地带性分异显著，是热带雨林和热带草原广布的地区。岛上大约有20多万种动植物，其中包括马达加斯加特有物种狐猴（Lemur catta）、马达加斯加国树猴面包树（Adansonia digitata L.）等。

Madagascar is located in the southeastern part of Africa, between 11°56′59″S - 25°36′25″S and 43°11′18″E - 50°29′36″E. It faces Mozambique on the African continent across the Mozambique Channel, with the shortest distance being 415 km. Its neighboring islands include the Comoros Islands in the northwest, the Seychelles in the north, Mauritius and Réunion in the east, etc. The Madagascar coastline dataset developed based on the 2015 Google Earth remote sensing imagery shows that the total area of Madagascar is 591,128.68 km², of which the main island of Madagascar covers 589,015.06 km², and the surrounding small islands cover a total area of 2,113.62 km². The main island of Madagascar is the largest island in Africa, and the fourth largest island in the world after Greenland, New Guinea and Borneo. The island is shaped as a long and narrow north-south spindle, with a north-south length of 1,572 km; it is narrow at both ends and wide in the middle, with a maximum width of 574 km. The total coastline length is 16,309.27 km, of which the main island has a coastline of 10,899.03 km, and the surrounding small islands have a coastline of 5,410.24 km. Madagascar belongs to the Republic of Madagascar, which is divided into 22 regions and 119 districts. The 22 regions are: Analamanga, Diana, Haute-Matsiatra, Boeny, Atsinanana, Atsimo-Andrefana, Sava, Itasy, Vakinankaratra, Bongolava, Sofia, Betsiboka, Melaky, Alaotra-Mangoro, Anosy, Amoron'i Mania, Vatovavy-Fitovinany, Atsimo-Atsinanana, Ihorombe, Menabe, Androy, and Anosy Avaratra. The capital Antananarivo is located in the central-eastern part of the island. Madagascar is mainly composed of volcanic and karst landforms. The huge volcanic rock massif running through the island is the Tsaratanana Mountains, whose main peak Maromokotro has an elevation of 2,876 m, making it the highest peak in the country. The natural landscape of Madagascar shows significant vertical zonation, with widespread tropical rainforests and tropical savannas. There are approximately 200,000 species of animals and plants on the island, including the endemic ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) and the national tree of Madagascar, the baobab (Adansonia digitata L.), etc.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集提供了马达加斯加岛的边界地理数据，基于2015年Google Earth影像生成，包含岛屿的精确位置、面积、海岸线长度、行政区划等矢量信息。数据集突出马达加斯加岛作为非洲最大岛屿的地理特征，涵盖地形、气候和生物多样性等综合属性，适用于世界地理研究或百科全书条目参考。