Qualidade do Emprego nas Culturas de Café, Cana-de-açúcar e Milho: estudo comparativo 2000/2010 entre mesorregiões de Minas Gerais

Abstract: This paper investigates the evolution and quality of rural employment of residents in Minas Gerais urban and rural sector. The focus was the megaregions of Minas Gerais, distinguished by their degree of modernization, in coffee, sugarcane and corn crops, involving different types of agricultural employees. For that purpose, data from the Demographic Census of 2000´s and 2010´s, the 2006 Census of Agriculture and the Municipal Agricultural Survey (PAM) were used for general analysis and construction of the Employment Quality Index (IQE), which took as construction reference the methodology developed by Kageyama and Rehder (1993) and Balsadi (2000). We analyzed Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba, Noroeste de Minas, Jequitinhonha, Vale do Mucuri and Rio Doce e Zona da Mata megaregions. The results showed a decrease in the total rural employment and that more modernized mesoregions tend to have a higher quality of employment, as well as the greater presence of qualified employees, in contrast to the less modernized mesoregions, where most of employees are not qualified staff. In this context, modernization may be reinforcing inequalities by being more applied in favor of more modernized regions.

摘要：本研究探讨了米纳斯吉拉斯州城乡领域居民农村就业的演变与就业质量。研究聚焦米纳斯吉拉斯州按现代化程度划分、覆盖咖啡、甘蔗与玉米种植的大型地理区域，涵盖不同类型的农业从业者。为此，本研究采用2000年与2010年人口普查、2006年农业普查以及市政农业调查（Pesquisa Agrícola Municipal，简称PAM）的数据开展综合分析，并构建就业质量指数（Employment Quality Index，简称IQE），该指数的构建参考了Kageyama与Rehder（1993）以及Balsadi（2000）提出的研究方法。本研究分析了米纳斯三角、上巴拉那伊巴、米纳斯西北部、热基蒂尼奥尼亚、穆库里谷、多西河谷以及佐纳达马塔等大型地理区域。研究结果显示，农村就业总规模有所下降；现代化程度更高的中地理区域往往具备更高的就业质量，且高技能从业者占比更高；与之形成鲜明对比的是，现代化程度较低的中地理区域内，多数从业者为非技能人员。在此背景下，现代化进程因更多向现代化程度更高的区域倾斜，可能进一步加剧区域间的不平等。