Holocene geochemical data from core Tó34a, Lake Balaton, Hungary

1. Dataset overview This dataset contains geochemical, isotopic, sedimentological and chronological data from sediment core Tó34a retrieved from Lake Balaton (Hungary), the largest shallow lake in Central Europe. The data support the reconstruction of Holocene hydroclimate variability, lake-level fluctuations and carbonate mineral formation in Lake Balaton. The core was collected in January 2017 from the Szemes Basin of Lake Balaton at approximately 4.2 m water depth. The analysed section represents the Holocene interval between 420–708 cm core depth. Chronology is based on AMS radiocarbon dating of plant macrofossils and organic remains calibrated using the IntCal20 calibration curve and modelled using Bayesian age–depth modelling (rbacon). The dataset integrates several sediment proxies including: • micro-XRF elemental geochemistry • stable isotope composition of carbonates (δ13C and δ18O) • grain size distribution • magnetic susceptibility • organic geochemistry (TOC, TN) • lithostratigraphic description • Mg and Ca concentrations and Mg/Ca ratios 2. File list and description Data 01.csv Age-depth model for sediment core Tó34a. Contains: • core depth (cm) • calibrated age (cal yr BP) • modelled deposition time Data 02.csv Raw micro-XRF elemental data measured with an Avaatech XRF core scanner. Elements include: Mg, Ca, Sr, Fe, Mn, Al, Si, Ti, K, Zr, Rb, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, S, P and others. Values are reported as counts per second (cps). Data 03.csv Derived geochemical proxies calculated from the micro-XRF dataset. Includes: • elemental raw counts used for zonation of the geochemical data Data 04.csv Stable isotope dataset. Variables include: • δ13C (‰ VPDB) • δ18O (‰ VPDB) • core depth • modelled age Isotope measurements were performed using isotope mass spectrometry. Data 05.csv Grain-size distribution dataset. Includes: • clay fraction (%) • silt fraction (%) • sand fraction (%) Measured using laser particle-size analysis. Data 06.csv Magnetic susceptibility measurements. Provides high-resolution magnetic susceptibility data reflecting changes in detrital sediment input. Data 07.csv Lithostratigraphic description of sediment core Tó34a. Lithology was described following the Troels-Smith classification system. Data 08.csv Organic geochemical dataset. Includes: • Total Organic Carbon (TOC) • Total Nitrogen (TN) • Total sulphur (TS) Measured using CHNS elemental analysis. Data 09.csv Mg and Ca geochemistry dataset. Includes: • Mg/Ca ratios Measured using micro-XRF analysis. Magyari, E. et al. Holocene hydroclimate controls on Mg-bearing calcite and protodolomite formation in Lake Balaton (Hungary). Quaternary Science Reviews1. 数据集概述 本数据集涵盖从中欧最大浅水湖泊——匈牙利巴拉顿湖（Lake Balaton）采集的Tó34a沉积物岩芯的地球化学、同位素、沉积学及年代学数据，可用于重建巴拉顿湖全新世水文气候变异性、湖面波动与碳酸盐矿物形成过程。 该岩芯于2017年1月从巴拉顿湖塞迈什盆地（Szemes Basin）采集，采样水深约4.2米。分析层段对应岩芯深度420~708 cm的全新世地层。 年代框架基于植物大化石与有机残余物的AMS放射性碳定年，采用IntCal20校正曲线进行校正，并通过贝叶斯年代-深度模型（rbacon）构建。 本数据集整合了多类沉积代用指标，包括： • 微X射线荧光（micro-XRF）元素地球化学数据 • 碳酸盐稳定同位素组成（δ¹³C与δ¹⁸O） • 粒度分布特征 • 磁化率 • 有机地球化学指标（总有机碳TOC、总氮TN） • 岩石地层描述 • 镁（Mg）与钙（Ca）浓度及Mg/Ca比值 2. 文件列表与说明 Data 01.csv Tó34a沉积物岩芯的年代-深度模型文件，包含以下字段： • 岩芯深度（cm） • 校正后年龄（cal yr BP） • 模拟沉积时间 Data 02.csv 采用Avaatech XRF岩芯扫描仪测得的原始微X射线荧光元素数据，检测元素包括Mg、Ca、Sr、Fe、Mn、Al、Si、Ti、K、Zr、Rb、Ni、Zn、Cu、Pb、S、P等，数据以每秒计数（cps）为单位报告。 Data 03.csv 基于微X射线荧光数据集计算得到的衍生地球化学代用指标，包含用于地球化学数据分区的元素原始计数数据。 Data 04.csv 稳定同位素数据集，变量包括： • δ¹³C（‰ VPDB） • δ¹⁸O（‰ VPDB） • 岩芯深度 • 模拟年龄 同位素测试采用同位素质谱法完成。 Data 05.csv 粒度分布数据集，包含： • 黏土组分占比（%） • 粉砂组分占比（%） • 砂质组分占比（%） 采用激光粒度分析法测定。 Data 06.csv 磁化率测量数据，提供高分辨率磁化率数据，可反映陆源碎屑沉积输入的变化。 Data 07.csv Tó34a沉积物岩芯的岩石地层描述，岩性分类遵循Troels-Smith分类体系。 Data 08.csv 有机地球化学数据集，包含： • 总有机碳（TOC） • 总氮（TN） • 总硫（TS） 采用CHNS元素分析法测定。 Data 09.csv Mg与Ca地球化学数据集，包含Mg/Ca比值数据，通过微X射线荧光分析测得。 Magyari, E. 等. 匈牙利巴拉顿湖含镁方解石与原白云石形成的全新世水文气候控制机制. 《第四纪科学评论》(Quaternary Science Reviews)