Supplementary Material for: Evolutionary and allometric insights into anuran auditory sensitivity and morphology

As species change through evolutionary time, the neurological and morphological structures that underly behavioral systems typically remain coordinated. This is especially important for communication systems, in which these structures must remain coordinated both within and between senders and receivers for successful information transfer. The acoustic communication of anurans (“frogs”) offers an excellent system to ask when and how such coordination is maintained, and to allow researchers to dissociate allometric effects from independent correlated evolution. Anurans constitute one of the most speciose groups of vocalizing vertebrates and females typically rely on vocalizations to localize males for reproduction. Here, we compile and compare data on various aspects of auditory morphology, hearing sensitivity and call dominant frequency across 81 species of anurans. We find robust, phylogenetically independent scaling effects of body size for all features measured. Furthermore, after accounting for body size, we find preliminary evidence that morphological evolution beyond allometry can correlate with hearing sensitivity and dominant frequency. These data provide foundational results regarding constraints imposed by body size on communication systems and motivate further data collection and analysis using comparative approaches across the numerous anuran species.随着物种随进化历程发生改变，支撑行为系统的神经与形态结构通常会保持协调一致。这一点对于通讯系统尤为关键：此类结构需在信号发送者个体内部以及发送者与接收者之间均保持协调，才能实现有效的信息传递。无尾两栖类（Anurans，俗称蛙类）的声学通讯系统，为探究这类协调关系的维持时机与方式提供了极佳的研究模型，同时也能帮助研究者将异速生长效应与独立协同演化效应区分开来。无尾两栖类是发声脊椎动物中物种多样性最高的类群之一，雌性通常依靠雄性的鸣叫声定位配偶以完成繁殖。本研究收集并比对了81种无尾两栖类的听觉形态、听觉敏感性以及鸣叫声主频等多维度数据。研究发现，所有被测特征均存在显著且不受系统发育关系干扰的体型缩放效应。此外，在控制体型影响后，本研究初步发现，超出异速生长范畴的形态演化，与听觉敏感性及鸣叫声主频存在显著关联。本研究所得数据为体型对通讯系统施加的限制提供了基础性研究结论，同时也为后续基于大量无尾两栖类类群的比较研究方法开展数据采集与分析提供了研究方向。