Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database 2011 - Brazil

Abstract
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Well-functioning financial systems serve a vital purpose, offering savings, credit, payment, and risk management products to people with a wide range of needs. Yet until now little had been known about the global reach of the financial sector - the extent of financial inclusion and the degree to which such groups as the poor, women, and youth are excluded from formal financial systems. Systematic indicators of the use of different financial services had been lacking for most economies.

The Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) database provides such indicators. This database contains the first round of Global Findex indicators, measuring how adults in more than 140 economies save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. The data set can be used to track the effects of financial inclusion policies globally and develop a deeper and more nuanced understanding of how people around the world manage their day-to-day finances. By making it possible to identify segments of the population excluded from the formal financial sector, the data can help policy makers prioritize reforms and design new policies.

Geographic coverage
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National Coverage.

Analysis unit
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Individual

Universe
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The target population is the civilian, non-institutionalized population 15 years and above. The sample is nationally representative.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The Global Findex indicators are drawn from survey data collected by Gallup, Inc. over the 2011 calendar year, covering more than 150,000 adults in 148 economies and representing about 97 percent of the world's population. Since 2005, Gallup has surveyed adults annually around the world, using a uniform methodology and randomly selected, nationally representative samples. The second round of Global Findex indicators was collected in 2014 and is forthcoming in 2015. The set of indicators will be collected again in 2017.

Surveys were conducted face-to-face in economies where landline telephone penetration is less than 80 percent, or where face-to-face interviewing is customary. The first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units, consisting of clusters of households. The primary sampling units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used. Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households by means of the Kish grid.

Surveys were conducted by telephone in economies where landline telephone penetration is over 80 percent. The telephone surveys were conducted using random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers. In selected countries where cell phone penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used. Random respondent selection is achieved by using either the latest birthday or Kish grid method. At least three attempts are made to teach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of year.

The sample size in Brazil was 1,042 individuals.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The questionnaire was designed by the World Bank, in conjunction with a Technical Advisory Board composed of leading academics, practitioners, and policy makers in the field of financial inclusion. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gallup, Inc. also provided valuable input. The questionnaire was piloted in over 20 countries using focus groups, cognitive interviews, and field testing. The questionnaire is available in 142 languages upon request.

Questions on insurance, mobile payments, and loan purposes were asked only in developing economies. The indicators on awareness and use of microfinance insitutions (MFIs) are not included in the public dataset. However, adults who report saving at an MFI are considered to have an account; this is reflected in the composite account indicator.

Sampling error estimates
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Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country- and indicator-specific standard errors, refer to the Annex and Country Table in Demirguc-Kunt, Asli and L. Klapper. 2012. "Measuring Financial Inclusion: The Global Findex." Policy Research Working Paper 6025, World Bank, Washington, D.C.

摘要
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健全的金融体系发挥着至关重要的作用，为具有广泛需求的个人提供储蓄、信贷、支付和风险管理产品。然而，迄今为止，关于金融部门的全球影响力——即金融包容性的范围以及贫困人口、妇女和青年等群体被正式金融体系排除的程度——知之甚少。大多数经济体缺乏使用不同金融服务的系统性指标。
全球金融包容性（全球Findex）数据库提供了此类指标。该数据库包含全球Findex的第一轮指标，衡量了140多个经济体中成年人如何储蓄、借款、支付和风险管理。该数据集可用于追踪全球金融包容性政策的影响，并更深入、更细致地理解世界各地的人们如何管理日常财务。通过能够识别被正式金融部门排除的群体，这些数据有助于政策制定者优先考虑改革并设计新政策。
地理覆盖范围
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国家覆盖范围。
分析单元
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个人。
总体
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目标总体为15岁及以上的非机构化平民人口。样本为全国代表性。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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全球Findex指标来源于盖洛普公司2011年收集的调查数据，覆盖了148个经济体中的15万多名成年人，代表了世界人口的约97%。自2005年以来，盖洛普公司每年在全球范围内对成年人进行调查，采用统一的方法和随机选取的全国代表性样本。第二轮全球Findex指标于2014年收集，并于2015年发布。该套指标将在2017年再次收集。
在电话普及率低于80%或面对面访谈是惯例的经济体中进行了面对面调查。抽样第一阶段是识别初级抽样单位，即一组家庭。初级抽样单位按人口规模、地理位置或两者进行分层，并通过一个或多个抽样阶段实现聚类。如果可获得人口信息，则根据人口规模的比例概率进行样本选择；否则，使用简单随机抽样。通过随机路线程序选择样本家庭。除非明确拒绝，否则调查员最多尝试三次调查样本家庭。如果在最初样本家庭无法获得调查，则使用简单替换法。通过Kish网格在选定的家庭内随机选择受访者。
在电话普及率超过80%的经济体中进行了电话调查。电话调查使用随机数字拨号或全国代表性的电话号码列表进行。在手机普及率高的选定国家，使用双重抽样框架。通过使用最新生日或Kish网格方法实现随机受访者选择。至少在一年中的不同日期和时间对每个家庭中的每个人进行至少三次尝试。
巴西的样本量为1,042人。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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问卷由世界银行设计，同时与由该领域领先的学者、实践者和政策制定者组成的技术咨询委员会合作。比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会和盖洛普公司也提供了宝贵的意见。问卷在20多个国家进行了试点，包括焦点小组、认知访谈和实地测试。根据请求，问卷可用142种语言。
仅在对发展中国家的问题中询问了保险、移动支付和贷款目的。关于微型金融机构（MFIs）的意识和使用的指标不包括在公共数据集中。然而，报告在MFIs中储蓄的成年人被视为拥有账户；这在综合账户指标中得到反映。
抽样误差估计
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标准误差（考虑抽样误差）的估计因国家和指标而异。对于特定国家和指标的特定标准误差，请参阅Demirguc-Kunt, Asli和L. Klapper于2012年发表的《衡量金融包容性：全球Findex》的附件和国家表格，世界银行，华盛顿特区。