Diversity and abundance of birds and insects on organic and conventional farms in southern Finland, 2000 - 2006

The data originate from national monitoring on the effects of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme (MYTVAS). The main study area was situated in Pukkila and Orimattila, an agriculturally dominated landscape in southern Finland, and it consists of ca. 30 km2 of arable land. In the study area, organic farming comprised 10 - 11 % of the arable area. Bird territories in the study area were censused in May-June 2000 - 2006 using a two-visit (2000 - 2001) or three-visit (2002 - 2006) application of the standard mapping method (Bibby et al. 2000). Both true field species and species which use both farmland and forest or human settlements were included. Abundances and population trends of birds were compared with data from four other convebtional areas comprising roughly same acreage. Data on butterflies, diurnal moths and bumblebees were collected in 2001-2005 from late May onwards to late August, with two-week intervals on 50-m long sample transects by using a standard line-transect method (Pollard & Yates 1993). Additionally, the abundance of flowering nectar-rich plants on the transects was recorded annually in late July. The methods are described in the following publications: Tiainen, J., Ekroos, J., Piha, M., Rintala, J., Seimola, T. & Vepsäläinen, V. 2008. Luomuviljelyn vaikutus maatalousympäristön luonnon monimuotoisuuteen. In: Kuussaari, M., Heliölä, J., Tiainen, J., Helenius, J. (Eds.). Maatalouden ympäristötuen merkitys luonnon monimuotoisuudelle ja maisemalle: MYTVAS-loppuraportti 2000-2006 (Significance of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme for biodiversity and landscape: Final report 2000-2006, in Finnish). Suomen ympäristö 4/2008: 128-139. Piha, M., Tiainen, J., Holopainen, J. & Vepsäläinen, V. 2007. Effects of land-use and landscape characteristics on avian diversity and abundance in a boreal agricultural landscape with organic and conventional farms. Biological Conservation 140: 50-61. Ekroos, J., Piha, M. & Tiainen, J. 2007. Role of organic and conventional field boundaries on boreal bumblebees and butterflies. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 124: 155-159. Bibby, C.J., Burgess, N.D., Hill, D.A. & Mustoe, S.H. 2000. Bird Census Techniques (second ed.). Academic Press, London. Pollard, E. & Yates, T. 1993. Monitoring butterflies for ecology and conservation. Chapman & Hall. London, UK. 274 p. Results of analyses into these data were published in the following theses and their originial articles: Piha, M. 2007. Spatial and temporal determinants of Finnish farmland bird populations. Ph.D. thesis, University of Helsinki. Ekroos, J. 2010. Effects of management and landscape structure on biodiversity in boreal agricultural landscapes. Ph.D. thesis, University of Helsinki.

本数据集源自芬兰农业环境支持计划（MYTVAS）的国家级效应监测项目。研究核心区域位于芬兰南部以农业为主导的景观——普基拉（Pukkila）与奥里马蒂拉（Orimattila），区域内耕地面积约30平方千米。该区域内有机农业耕地占总耕地面积的10%-11%。
2000年至2006年的5-6月，研究人员采用标准鸟类领地绘图普查法（Bibby等，2000）对研究区域内的鸟类领地开展普查：2000-2001年采用2次野外到访方案，2002-2006年则采用3次野外到访方案。本次调查涵盖专性农田栖息物种，以及兼用农田、森林或人类聚居区的广适性鸟类物种。研究人员将该区域的鸟类种群丰度与种群趋势，与另外4个面积大致相当的常规农业区域的同类数据进行对比分析。
2001年至2005年的5月下旬至8月下旬，研究人员采用标准样线调查法（Pollard & Yates 1993），在总长50米的样带上以每两周一次的频率，对蝴蝶、昼行性蛾类及熊蜂进行数据采集。此外，研究人员于每年7月下旬记录样带上开花蜜源植物的丰富度。
本研究采用的方法详见以下出版物：
Tiainen, J., Ekroos, J., Piha, M., Rintala, J., Seimola, T. & Vepsäläinen, V. 2008. 有机农业对农业环境生物多样性的影响. 载于：Kuussaari, M., Heliölä, J., Tiainen, J., Helenius, J. (主编). 《芬兰农业环境支持计划对生物多样性与景观的意义：2000-2006年最终报告》（芬兰语版）. 《芬兰环境》（Suomen ympäristö）4/2008: 128-139.
Piha, M., Tiainen, J., Holopainen, J. & Vepsäläinen, V. 2007. 土地利用与景观特征对有机与常规农业景观下北方农业区鸟类多样性与丰度的影响. 《生物保护》（Biological Conservation）140: 50-61.
Ekroos, J., Piha, M. & Tiainen, J. 2007. 北方农田边界对熊蜂与蝴蝶的调控作用. 《农业、生态系统与环境》（Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment）124: 155-159.
Bibby, C.J., Burgess, N.D., Hill, D.A. & Mustoe, S.H. 2000. 《鸟类普查技术》（第二版）. 伦敦：学术出版社（Academic Press）.
Pollard, E. & Yates, T. 1993. 《用于生态与保护的蝴蝶监测》. 英国伦敦：查普曼与霍尔出版社（Chapman & Hall），共274页.
基于本数据集的分析结果已发表于以下学位论文及原创研究论文：
Piha, M. 2007. 《芬兰农田鸟类种群的时空驱动因子》. 赫尔辛基大学哲学博士学位论文.
Ekroos, J. 2010. 《管理措施与景观结构对北方农业景观生物多样性的影响》. 赫尔辛基大学哲学博士学位论文.