NCHS - Natality Measures for Females by Race and Hispanic Origin: United States

This dataset includes live births, birth rates, and fertility rates by race of mother in the United States since 1960.

Data availability varies by race and ethnicity groups. All birth data by race before 1980 are based on race of the child. Since 1980, birth data by race are based on race of the mother. For race, data are available for Black and White births since 1960, and for American Indians/Alaska Native and Asian/Pacific Islander births since 1980. Data on Hispanic origin are available since 1989. Teen birth rates for specific racial and ethnic categories are also available since 1989. From 2003 through 2015, the birth data by race were based on the “bridged” race categories (5). Starting in 2016, the race categories for reporting birth data changed; the new race and Hispanic origin categories are: Non-Hispanic, Single Race White; Non-Hispanic, Single Race Black; Non-Hispanic, Single Race American Indian/Alaska Native; Non-Hispanic, Single Race Asian; and, Non-Hispanic, Single Race Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (5,6). Birth data by the prior, “bridged” race (and Hispanic origin) categories are included through 2018 for comparison.

SOURCES

NCHS, National Vital Statistics System, birth data (see https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/births.htm); public-use data files (see https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/VitalStatsOnline.htm); and CDC WONDER (see http://wonder.cdc.gov/).

REFERENCES

1. National Office of Vital Statistics. Vital Statistics of the United States, 1950, Volume I. 1954. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsus/vsus_1950_1.pdf.

2. Hetzel AM. U.S. vital statistics system: major activities and developments, 1950-95. National Center for Health Statistics. 1997. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/misc/usvss.pdf.

3. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Statistics of the United States, 1967, Volume I–Natality. 1969. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsus/nat67_1.pdf.

4. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Osterman MJK, et al. Births: Final data for 2015. National vital statistics reports; vol 66 no 1. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2017. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf.

5. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Osterman MJK, Driscoll AK, Drake P. Births: Final data for 2016. National Vital Statistics Reports; vol 67 no 1. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2018. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf.

6. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Osterman MJK, Driscoll AK, Births: Final data for 2018. National vital statistics reports; vol 68 no 13. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2019. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_13.pdf.

本数据集收录了自1960年以来美国各民族母亲的出生情况、出生率和生育率。数据按种族和族群划分，其可用性各异。在1980年之前，所有种族的出生数据均基于儿童种族。自1980年起，种族出生数据则基于母亲种族。就种族而言，自1960年起即有黑人和白人出生数据的记录，而美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民和亚洲/太平洋岛民的数据则自1980年起可查。关于西班牙裔起源的数据自1989年起可查。自1989年起，还提供了特定种族和族群的具体青少年出生率。从2003年至2015年，种族出生数据基于‘桥梁’种族分类（5）。自2016年起，报告出生数据的种族分类发生了变化；新的种族和西班牙裔起源分类包括：非西班牙裔、单一种族白人；非西班牙裔、单一种族黑人；非西班牙裔、单一种族美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民；非西班牙裔、单一种族亚洲人；以及，非西班牙裔、单一种族夏威夷原住民/太平洋岛民（5,6）。为便于比较，之前基于‘桥梁’种族（及西班牙裔起源）分类的出生数据一直保留至2018年。

数据来源

美国国家卫生统计中心，生命统计系统，出生数据（见 https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/births.htm）；公共使用数据文件（见 https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/VitalStatsOnline.htm）；以及 CDC WONDER（见 http://wonder.cdc.gov/）。

参考文献

1. 美国生命统计办公室。美国生命统计，1950年，第一卷。1954年。可从：https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsus/vsus_1950_1.pdf 获取。

2. Hetzel AM. 美国生命统计系统：主要活动和进展，1950-95。国家卫生统计中心。1997年。可从：https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/misc/usvss.pdf 获取。

3. 国家卫生统计中心。美国生命统计，1967年，第一卷–出生。1969年。可从：https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsus/nat67_1.pdf 获取。

4. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Osterman MJK, 等人。出生：2015年最终数据。国家生命统计报告；第66卷第1号。马里兰州海蒂斯维尔：国家卫生统计中心。2017年。可从：https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf 获取。

5. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Osterman MJK, Driscoll AK, Drake P. 出生：2016年最终数据。国家生命统计报告；第67卷第1号。马里兰州海蒂斯维尔：国家卫生统计中心。2018年。可从：https://www.cdc.gov/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf 获取。

6. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Osterman MJK, Driscoll AK。出生：2018年最终数据。国家生命统计报告；第68卷第13号。马里兰州海蒂斯维尔：国家卫生统计中心。2019年。可从：https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_13.pdf 获取。