Cascadology v1.0.0: a global catalogue of 1.67 million OSM-derived waterfall candidates with FABDEM elevations

Cascadology v1.0.0 is a global, reproducible catalogue of 1,670,376 waterfall candidate segments derived by running a slope-thresholded bisection detector over the intersection of OpenStreetMap waterway polylines and the FABDEM v1.2 bare-earth global DEM. Candidates are defined as contiguous bisection windows of length <= 200 m with vertical drop yielding a slope of >= 50 m/km. Each segment carries a HydroRIVERS v1.0 long-term mean discharge attribution (DIS_AV_CMS), cos(latitude)-corrected length and slope, and provenance back to the parent OSM way. An aggregated companion layer (cascadology_v1.0.0_aggregated.parquet, 759,217 rows) groups segments whose midpoints lie within 250 m geodesic distance under a single-linkage rule, reporting total drop per knickpoint. Validation against four independent gazetteers (OSM waterway=waterfall, Wikidata Q34038, USGS Conterminous-US Waterfalls + Rapids, USGS GNIS Falls) shows catalogue recall rising from 7-14% at R=50 m to 45-59% at R=5 km, with a 3.0-15.6x ratio over an arc-length-uniform null on the same waterway graph. Full per-radius metrics, audit JSONs and reproducibility scripts ship in the validation/ subfolder. Files: cascadology_v1.0.0.parquet (per-segment, primary), cascadology_v1.0.0_aggregated.parquet (per-knickpoint), plus CSV / GeoPackage / GeoJSONL mirrors, schema dictionary, README, LICENSE, CITATION.cff, MANIFEST.json with SHA-256 checksums, and a 32-file validation/ directory. Interactive map: https://cascadology.com The data paper describing the construction, validation and limitations is under review at Scientific Data.