VCF datasets and analysis scripts for: The combination of genomic offset and niche modelling provides insights into climate change-driven vulnerability

Global warming is increasingly exacerbating biodiversity loss. Populations
locally adapted to spatially heterogeneous environments may respond
differentially to climate change, but this intraspecific variation has
only recently been considered when modelling vulnerability under climate
change. Here, we incorporate intraspecific variation in genomic offset and
ecological niche modelling to estimate climate change-driven vulnerability
in two bird species in the Sino-Himalayan Mountains. We found that the
cold-tolerant populations show higher genomic offset but risk less
challenge for niche suitability decline under future climate than the
warm-tolerant populations. Based on a genome-niche index estimated by
combining genomic offset and niche suitability change, we identified the
populations with the least genome-niche interruption as potential donors
for evolutionary rescue, i.e., the populations tolerant to climate change.
We evaluated potential rescue routes via a landscape genetic analysis.
Overall, we demonstrate that the integration of genomic offset, niche
suitability modelling, and landscape connectivity can improve climate
change-driven vulnerability assessments and facilitate effective
conservation management.