我国人工流产与避孕节育现况

通过检索中国知网：《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》、《中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》、《中国人口和计划生育年鉴》、期刊论文，国家药品管理局网站、国家卫生计生委办公厅关于印发计划生育避孕药具政府采购目录（2014年版）等文献，得知虽然我国是世界上避孕率最高的国家之一，全国已婚育龄妇女避孕率高达80%以上，但我国仍是人工流产大国，每年不完全统计的人工流产数近1千万（2017年为963万例）， 约占全球人工流产总数的18%，而且呈现出年轻人群（年龄24周岁以下的占29%）、未婚人群（占31%）和未育人群（43%）占比高，以及重复流产比例高（29%）的特点。可见，人工流产已成为危害我国妇幼健康水平的重大公关卫生问题。2010-2017年我国已婚育龄女性的避孕率情况正好与人工流产情况相反，呈现一个逐渐递减的情况，从2010年的近90%下降到2017年的近80%。从2015年开始推行全面二孩政策，避孕率下降趋势加剧。今后，仍需要加强安全避孕技术的发展和应用，以保障女性的健康水平，使女性获得更多接受教育和参加社会经济活动的机会，帮助育龄妇女能按她们自己的意愿，适龄、适时和适量地生育。

Through literature retrieval covering China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases including "China Health Statistics Yearbook", "China Health and Family Planning Statistics Yearbook", "China Population and Family Planning Yearbook", peer-reviewed journal articles, the official website of the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), and the "Government Procurement Catalogue of Family Planning Contraceptives (2014 Edition)" issued by the General Office of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, it is revealed that: Although China is one of the countries with the highest contraceptive prevalence rates (CPR) globally, with the CPR among married women of childbearing age exceeding 80%, China still ranks among the world's top countries in terms of induced abortion volume. According to incomplete annual statistics, the annual number of induced abortions in China reaches nearly 10 million (9.63 million cases in 2017), accounting for approximately 18% of the global total. This induced abortion landscape is marked by high proportions of young patients (29% under 24 years old), unmarried individuals (31%), and nulliparous women (43%), as well as a high rate of repeated abortions (29%). It is thus evident that induced abortion has become a major public health issue threatening maternal and child health in China. From 2010 to 2017, the CPR among married women of childbearing age in China exhibited a trend opposite to that of induced abortions, declining gradually from nearly 90% in 2010 to nearly 80% in 2017. The downward trend accelerated following the implementation of the universal two-child policy in 2015. Going forward, it is imperative to strengthen the development and application of safe contraceptive technologies, so as to protect women's health, expand women's access to education and socio-economic participation, and enable women of childbearing age to plan their pregnancies at the appropriate age, timing and quantity in accordance with their own preferences.