Prescribed compensatory measures for biodiversity damage – France as a whole

Soil artificialisation is the leading cause of degradation of natural environments and biodiversity. In France, the regulatory system aimed at avoiding environmental damage, reducing those that could not be sufficiently avoided and compensating for effects that could not be avoided or sufficiently reduced is known as the ERC sequence (“avoid, reduce, compensate”). Where biodiversity is degraded by a development project, and if measures to reduce or avoid the impacts of that project are insufficient, compensatory measures must be implemented. A countervailing measure for biodiversity damage intervenes on the residual impact of a development project, when all possible measures have been implemented to avoid and reduce negative impacts on biodiversity. It aims to offer a positive counterpart to a non-reducible harmful impact caused by a project, in order to maintain biodiversity in a state equivalent or better than that observed before its realisation. Compensatory measures are implemented through rehabilitation, restoration or creation of environments. They must be supplemented by precautionary management measures (e.g.: extensive grazing, hedge maintenance, etc.) to ensure the environmental quality of the environment is maintained. This provision of countervailing measures for biodiversity damage provides access to the location of approximately 3,000 measures prescribed in administrative acts. The information characterising each measure is described in the data awarded. Only environmental compensatory measures (within the meaning of L.122-1-III of the Environmental Code) are represented (e.g. collective agricultural compensation or forest compensation are not concerned). The mapping relates to the measures prescribed in administrative acts. The lack of measurement on the map does not mean that there are no measurements on the ground. Certain measures prescribed before the publication of the law of 8 August 2016 for the reconquest of biodiversity may not be present. Some by-laws drafted before 2016 do not provide information on the geolocation of the measurements and cannot therefore be mapped precisely but only at the level of the municipality. Regular updating (former administrative acts or addition of recently prescribed measures) is foreseen.土壤人工化是自然环境与生物多样性退化的首要诱因。在法国，旨在规避环境损害、对无法充分规避的损害予以减缓，并对无法规避或充分减缓的影响进行补偿的监管体系，被称为ERC序列（ERC sequence），即“规避、减缓、补偿”。 若开发项目导致生物多样性退化，且针对该项目影响的减缓或规避措施不足，则必须实施补偿性措施。 生物多样性损害补偿措施，是在所有可采取的规避及减缓生物多样性负面影响的措施均已落实后，针对开发项目遗留的残余影响所采取的干预手段。其目标是为项目带来的不可减免的有害影响提供正向等效补偿，以维持生物多样性处于项目实施前同等甚至更优的状态。 补偿性措施通过生境复原、修复或创设等方式落地，并需辅以预防性管理措施（例如：粗放放牧、绿篱养护等），以保障环境质量得以维持。 本生物多样性损害补偿措施数据集收录了法国行政文书中规定的约3000项补偿措施的相关信息。每项措施的特征信息均在本数据集收录的内容中予以说明。本数据集仅涵盖《环境法典》L.122-1-III条款定义范围内的环境补偿措施（例如：集体农业补偿或森林补偿均未纳入）。数据集的空间映射对应行政文书中规定的补偿措施的地理分布。 地图上未标注的点位，不代表实地不存在相关补偿措施。2016年8月8日《生物多样性收复法》颁布前规定的部分措施，可能未被纳入本数据集。2016年之前起草的部分附属法规未提供措施的地理定位信息，因此无法进行精准制图，仅能标注至市镇层级。 数据集将定期更新，包括补录过往行政文书中的措施及新增近期规定的补偿措施。