The causal relationship between sexual selection and sexual size dimorphism in marine gastropods

Sexual size dimorphism is widespread among dioecious species but its underlying driving forces are often complex. A review of sexual size dimorphism in marine gastropods revealed two common patterns: firstly, sexual size dimorphism, with females being larger than males, and secondly females being larger than males in mating pairs; both of which suggest sexual selection as being causally related with sexual size dimorphism. To test this hypothesis, we initially investigated mechanisms driving sexual selection on size in three congeneric marine gastropods with different degrees of sexual size dimorphism, and, secondly, the correlation between male/female sexual selection and sexual size dimorphism across several marine gastropod species. Male mate choice via mucus trail following (as evidence of sexual selection) was found during the mating process in all three congeneric species, despite the fact that not all species showed sexual size dimorphism. There was also a significant and strong ...