An Archaeological Survey in the Blackwater Area, Volume 2: Site Descriptions and Related Data

The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), United States Department of the Interior, was in the initial stages of the Water Management Project designed to bring Central Arizona Project water to the Gila River Indian Community (GRIC). Under terms of a contract signed in 1992 with the GRIC, facilities designed and constructed by Reclamation would deliver 173,000 acre-feet of water annually onto the reservation. Federal law mandates consideration of potential impacts of such projects upon cultural resources and requires that necessary and appropriate steps be taken to mitigate those impacts. In accordance with these laws, Reclamation did a complete inventory of all cultural resources that may fall within the project area. Data resulting from this inventory provided the basis for assessment of the significance of the resources and for the design of plans to mitigate potential impacts to them. Two survey areas in which a water delivery system and associated features (such as dikes) will be constructed were identified by Reclamation. Broad survey areas were defined so the location of eligible sites would be known before specific project design began. In total, 180 sites were identified and recorded during survey. These sites include possible Archaic period materials, a wide range of prehistoric Hohokam site types representing all periods of the Hohokam sequence, possible Protohistoric manifestations, and numerous Historic Pima sites of varying ages. The report consists of two volumes. Volume 1 contains background information; consideration of survey and recording methods; analyses, evaluation, and interpretation of collected data; and recommendations for future treatment of discovered sites. Volume 2 contains site descriptions.美国内政部垦务局（Bureau of Reclamation）正处于向希拉河印第安社区（Gila River Indian Community, GRIC）供应中央亚利桑那工程供水的水资源管理项目初期阶段。根据1992年与GRIC签订的合同约定，由垦务局设计并承建的相关设施，将每年向该印第安保留地输送17.3万英亩-英尺（acre-feet）的水资源。 联邦法律明确要求，需评估此类项目对文化资源的潜在影响，并采取必要且恰当的措施以减缓相关负面影响。据此，垦务局对项目覆盖范围内所有可能涉及的文化资源开展了全面普查。 本次普查获取的数据，为评估文化资源的重要性以及制定减缓潜在影响的方案提供了核心支撑。垦务局确定了两处将修建输水系统及配套设施（如堤坝）的勘测区域，并划定了大范围的普查范围，以便在具体项目设计启动前，明确符合资质的遗址分布位置。 本次勘测总计识别并记录了180处遗址，涵盖疑似古风时期（Archaic period）遗存、覆盖霍霍坎（Hohokam）文化序列全时期的各类史前霍霍坎遗址类型、疑似原史时期（Protohistoric）遗存，以及多组不同年代的历史时期皮马（Pima）人遗址。本报告分为两卷：第一卷涵盖背景信息、勘测与记录方法说明、采集数据的分析评估与解读，以及针对已发现遗址后续处理的相关建议；第二卷则收录各遗址的详细描述。