BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TORCH INFECTION PATHOGENS IDENTIFIED FROM VARIOUS TYPES OF PATIENT BIOMATERIALS

TORCH infections represent a group of congenital infections caused by Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus, and other pathogens such as Treponema pallidum and Parvovirus B19. These infections are characterized by their ability to cross the placental barrier and infect the fetus during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to describe the biological characteristics of TORCH pathogens identified in different types of patient biomaterials. Special attention was given to their morphological structure, replication mechanisms, pathogenic properties, and diagnostic significance. Biomaterials including blood serum, amniotic fluid, placental tissue, saliva, and urine were analyzed using serological and molecular methods. The study emphasizes the importance of integrated diagnostic approaches in identifying TORCH pathogens and preventing congenital infections.