3D displacement estimates due to deep-seated hydrocarbon production in Groningen from satellite radar interferometry, 2015-2023

This dataset provides 3D ground displacement estimates for the Groningen gas field area estimated from InSAR observations. The displacement vectors are derived using an augmented strapdown decomposition method, which estimates physically meaningful displacement components using ascending and descending InSAR Line-of-Sight (LoS) observations. <br> The strapdown approach enables so-called “3D-global / 2D-local” solutions by incorporating minimal but meaningful contextual information about the expected physical behavior and/or spatial geometry of the deformation field [1]. The method defines a local reference system with transversal, longitudinal, and normal (TLN) directions, with motion only occurring in the transversal-normal (TN) plane. The method allows for the incorporation of a prior uncertainty in the local frame orientation, enabling the propagation of this uncertainty to the final displacement estimates. This supports cartographic visualization using vector fields with confidence ellipses, enhancing interpretability. See for a full description of the method [2]. <br> This repository provides the 3D displacement estimates due to deep-seated hydrocarbon production in the Groningen region. The dataset includes a set of coordinates, where for each coordinate nine parameters are provided <br>East displacement velocity estimate, d_e [mm/yr] North displacement velocity estimate, d_n [mm/yr] Up displacement velocity estimate, d_u [mm/yr] The variance of d_e The variance of d_n The variance of d_u The covariance between d_e and d_n The covariance between d_e and d_u The covariance between d_n and d_u <br> Each set of parameters in the dataset represents a single Region of Uniform Motion (RUM), which is a 500x500m grid cel. The dataset is stored as a csv file. In addition, the JSON file provides the metadata related to this dataset. The GitHub repository provides an example script on how to read and plot the 3D velocity data including the error ellipses. <br>The data can be visualized using the link to the github repository. [1] Brouwer, Wietske S., and Ramon F. Hanssen. "Estimating three-dimensional displacements with InSAR: the strapdown approach." Journal of Geodesy 98.12 (2024): 110.<br>[2] Brouwer, Wietske S., and Ramon F. Hanssen. "3D surface displacement estimation over the Groningen gas field, the Netherlands" Submitted to: <em>Netherlands Journal of Geoscience.</em>

本数据集提供基于合成孔径雷达干涉测量（InSAR）观测数据估算得到的格罗宁根（Groningen）气田区域三维地表位移量值。位移矢量通过增强型捷联分解法求解得到，该方法利用升轨与降轨模式下的InSAR视线（Line-of-Sight，简称LoS）观测数据，估算具备物理意义的位移分量。<br>该捷联方法通过引入少量但具备物理意义的形变场预期物理特性与/或空间几何上下文信息，可实现所谓的"三维全局/二维局部"求解方案[1]。该方法定义了包含横向、纵向与垂向（Transversal, Longitudinal, and Normal，简称TLN）三个方向的局部坐标系，并限定位移仅发生在横向-垂向（Transversal-Normal，简称TN）平面内。该方法支持引入局部坐标系定向的先验不确定性，并可将该不确定性传递至最终的位移估算结果中，可支撑带置信椭圆的矢量场制图可视化，提升结果的可解释性。相关方法的完整细节可参见文献[2]。<br>本数据集提供了格罗宁根区域深部油气开采引发的三维位移估算结果。数据集包含一系列坐标点，每个坐标点对应以下九项参数：<br>东向位移速度估算值$d_e$ [毫米/年]、北向位移速度估算值$d_n$ [毫米/年]、垂向位移速度估算值$d_u$ [毫米/年]；$d_e$的方差、$d_n$的方差、$d_u$的方差；$d_e$与$d_n$的协方差、$d_e$与$d_u$的协方差、$d_n$与$d_u$的协方差<br>数据集中的每组参数对应一个均匀运动区域（Region of Uniform Motion，简称RUM），其为500×500米的网格单元。本数据集以逗号分隔值（CSV）格式存储，此外还附带了包含该数据集元数据的JSON文件。本GitHub仓库提供了示例脚本，用于读取并绘制包含误差椭圆在内的三维速度数据。<br>可通过本GitHub仓库的链接实现数据可视化。[1] Brouwer, Wietske S. 与 Ramon F. Hanssen. 《利用InSAR估算三维位移：捷联方法》，《大地测量学报》（Journal of Geodesy）98.12 (2024): 110.<br>[2] Brouwer, Wietske S. 与 Ramon F. Hanssen. 《荷兰格罗宁根气田区域地表三维位移估算》，提交至：《荷兰地球科学杂志》（Netherlands Journal of Geoscience）。