Total mortgage debt from households Netherlands 2012-2023

Dutch households had over 8000 billion euros of outstanding mortgage loans in 2023, a significant value when compared to earlier years. Despite its relatively small population size, the Netherlands had a much higher mortgage debt than most other European countries and was not far from those found in the United Kingdom, France or Germany. This has a political background as the Dutch government for many years wanted to help people to buy a house. The tax system allowed homeowners to deduct interests paid on mortgage from pre-tax income for a maximum period of thirty years. This was known as hypotheekrenteaftrek, and consequently lead to the Netherlands becoming the European country with the highest share of the population who is an owner-occupier with a mortgage. Since 2014, the Dutch government is slowly scaling this tax facility down, with an acceleration planned from 2020 onwards. What are the biggest companies in the Dutch mortgage market? The top three banks, ABN AMRO, Rabobank and ING, provided 45 percent of mortgages in the Netherlands in the second quarte of 2023. Another seven percent of the market was provided by banks outside the traditional top three. Note that these are combined numbers, as there are no market shares that look at mortgage providers individually. Banks, insurance companies, regiepartijen (funds that originate mortgage loans on behalf of institutional investors, no English word exists for this term) and other providers do not have to share this information openly. Housing in the Netherlands and the risk of water As many people in the Netherlands both own a house and have a mortgage as well, a big theme is the risk of a house going underwater or negative home equity. This occurs when people effectively pay more for their mortgage than their house is worth and happened, for example, between 2009 and 2013, when the average valuation of a house outweighed the average selling price. For this risk alone, one can find much data on residential property in the Netherlands. For example, quarterly pulse monitors state that housing prices in the Netherlands are set to increase but decelerate until 2024.

在2023年，荷兰家庭持有的未偿还抵押贷款总额超过8万亿欧元，与早年相比，这一数额显得尤为显著。尽管荷兰人口规模相对较小，但其抵押贷款债务却远超大多数欧洲国家，与英国、法国或德国的水平相差无几。这一现象背后有着深刻的政治背景，因为荷兰政府在许多年中都致力于帮助民众购房。税收制度允许房主在最多三十年的期限内，从应纳税收入中扣除支付给抵押贷款的利息，这一政策被称为‘抵押贷款利息扣除’，从而使得荷兰成为欧洲拥有最高比例的拥有抵押贷款的自住业主的国家。自2014年起，荷兰政府开始逐步缩减这一税收优惠，并计划从2020年开始加快这一进程。荷兰抵押贷款市场中的最大公司是哪些？在2023年第二季度，荷兰最大的三家银行——荷兰国际集团（ABN AMRO）、荷兰合作银行（Rabobank）和荷兰银行（ING）——提供了荷兰45%的抵押贷款。此外，还有7%的市场份额由传统前三名之外的银行提供。需要注意的是，这些数据是合并后的数字，因为市场上没有单独查看抵押贷款提供者的市场份额。银行、保险公司、代表机构投资者发放抵押贷款的基金（regiepartijen，英语中无此术语）以及其他提供者无需公开分享此类信息。荷兰的住房状况与水灾风险荷兰民众既拥有房屋又持有抵押贷款的现象十分普遍，因此，房屋贬值或负资产的风险成为一个重要的议题。这种情况发生在人们实际支付的抵押贷款金额超过其房屋价值时，例如在2009年至2013年期间，房屋的平均估值超过了平均销售价格。仅针对这一风险，我们可以在荷兰的住宅房地产数据中找到许多相关信息。例如，季度脉冲监测报告显示，荷兰的住房价格预计将在2024年之前逐渐增长但增速放缓。