Mapping spatial patterns to energetic benefits in groups of flow-coupled swimmers

The coordinated motion of animal groups through fluids is thought to reduce the cost of locomotion to individuals in the group. However, the connection between the spatial patterns observed in collectively moving animals and the energetic benefits at each position within the group remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we study the spontaneous emergence of cohesive formations in groups of fish, modeled as flapping foils, all heading in the same direction. We show in pairwise formations and with increasing group size that (1) in side-by-side arrangements, the reciprocal nature of flow coupling results in an equal distribution of energy requirements among all members, with reduction in cost of locomotion for swimmers flapping inphase but an increase in cost for swimmers flapping antiphase, and (2) in inline arrangements, flow coupling is non-reciprocal for all flapping phase, with energetic savings in favor of trailing swimmers, but only up to a finite number of swimmers, beyo..., We formulate computational models that capture the main hydrodynamic features of single and groups of swimming fish. Namely, we represent each fish as a freely-swimming hydrofoil undergoing pitching oscillations about its leading edge. We compute fluid-foil interactions using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of the Navier-Stokes equations and using vortex sheet simulations. , , # Mapping spatial patterns to energetic benefits in groups of flow-coupled swimmers The dataset contains the simulation data for paper entitled \"Mapping Spatial Patterns to Energetic Benefits in Groups of Flow-coupled Swimmers\" published on [Elife](https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.96129.2). Numerical simulations are performed using both Vortex Sheet Method (VSM) and Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) to study the energetic benefits and school cohesion of flow-coupled flapping swimmers. We study the spontaneous emergence of cohesive formations in groups of fish, modeled as flapping foils, all heading in the same direction. We show in pairwise formations and with increasing group size that (1) in side-by-side arrangements, the reciprocal nature of flow coupling results in an equal distribution of energy requirements among all members, with reduction in cost of locomotion for swimmers flapping inphase but an increase in cost for swimmers flapping antiphase, and (2) in inline arrangements, flow ...,动物群体在流体中的协同运动，被认为可降低群体内个体的运动能耗。然而，集体运动动物所呈现的空间格局，与群体内各位置个体的能量收益之间的关联仍不明确。为填补这一认知空白，我们以同向行进的拍动翼型模型鱼群为研究对象，探究其凝聚性编队的自发形成过程。针对成对编队及群体规模递增的场景，本研究结果显示：（1）在并排布置的情况下，流场耦合的互易特性使得所有成员的能量需求均等分布——同相拍动的游泳者可降低运动成本，而异相拍动者的运动成本则会升高；（2）在直线布置的情况下，所有拍动相位下的流场耦合均为非互易性，能量收益倾向于尾随的游泳者，但仅在有限的群体规模内有效，超出…… 我们构建了能够捕捉单条及群体游泳鱼类主要水动力特性的计算模型。具体而言，我们将每条鱼建模为可自由游动的水翼，其前缘可发生俯仰振荡。我们通过求解纳维-斯托克斯方程的计算流体动力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD）模拟，结合涡片模拟，来计算流体与翼型之间的相互作用。 # 流场耦合游泳群体的空间格局与能量收益映射 本数据集对应发表于《Elife》（https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.96129.2）的题为《流场耦合游泳群体的空间格局与能量收益映射》的研究论文，包含相关模拟数据。 本研究采用涡片法（Vortex Sheet Method, VSM）与浸入边界法（Immersed Boundary Method, IBM）开展数值模拟，以探究流场耦合拍动游泳者的能量收益与鱼群凝聚性。我们以同向行进的拍动翼型模型鱼群为对象，研究其凝聚性编队的自发形成过程。针对成对编队及群体规模递增的场景，本研究结果显示：（1）在并排布置的情况下，流场耦合的互易特性使得所有成员的能量需求均等分布——同相拍动的游泳者可降低运动成本，而异相拍动者的运动成本则会升高；（2）在直线布置的情况下，流场……